sat-dog

- - - -_president_from_an_Indigenous - - - - - ~ As Mexico’s first community, Benito Juarez became one of the most ______ figures in his country’s history: among the many significant accomplishments of his long tenure in office (1858–1872), Juarez consolidated the authority of the national government and advanced the rights of Indigenous peoples. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

- - - - - -_others_at_Brazil’s - - - ~ Mônica Lopes-Ferreira and Butantan Institute are studying the freshwater stingray species Potamotrygon rexto determine whether biological characteristics such as the rays’ age and sex have _______effect on the toxicity of their venom—that is, to see if differences in these traits are associated with considerable variations in venom potency. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Kelp forests grow underwater along the eastern Pacific Coast. These underwater forests are important to fish and other marine animals. Ocean currents can be powerful and rough, making it difficult for animals to find safe places to hide from predators. The underwater forests slow down the currents. This creates a more _______environment with calmer waters where animals can take shelter. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The Mule Bone, a 1930 play written by Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes, is perhaps the best-known of the few examples of ______ in literature. Most writers prefer working alone, and given that working together cost Hurston and Hughes their friendship, it is not hard to see why. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Ofelia Zepeda’s contributions to the field of linguistics are _______: her many accomplishments include working as a linguistics professor and bilingual poet, authoring the first Tohono O’odham grammar book, and co-founding the American Indian Language Development Institute. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Archaeologists studying the ancient city of Pompeii in Italy recently discovered a well-preserved food shop known as a thermopolium. The site contains food remains, artworks, and decorations. These items give researchers a better understanding of what daily life in Pompeii may have been like. For example, the archaeologists found a ceramic jar that they believe likely contained a meat and seafood stew. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

The following text is from Sarah Orne Jewett’s 1899 short story “Martha’s Lady.” Martha is employed by Miss Pyne as a maid. Miss Pyne sat by the window watching, in her best dress, looking stately and calm; she seldom went out now, and it was almost time for the carriage. Martha was just coming in from the garden with the strawberries, and with more flowers in her apron. It was a bright cool evening in June, the golden robins sang in the elms, and the sun was going down behind the apple-trees at the foot of the garden. The beautiful old house stood wide open to the long-expected guest. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

The following text is adapted from Aphra Behn’s 1689 novel The Lucky Mistake. Atlante and Rinaldo are neighbors who have been secretly exchanging letters through Charlot, Atlante’s sister. [Atlante] gave this letter to Charlot; who immediately ran into the balcony with it, where she still found Rinaldo in a melancholy posture, leaning his head on his hand: She showed him the letter, but was afraid to toss it to him, for fear it might fall to the ground; so he ran and fetched a long cane, which he cleft at one end, and held it while she put the letter into the cleft, and stayed not to hear what he said to it. But never was man so transported with joy, as he was at the reading of this letter; it gives him new wounds; for to the generous, nothing obliges love so much as love. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

According to historian Vicki L. Ruiz, Mexican American women made crucial contributions to the labor movement during World War II. At the time, food processing companies entered into contracts to supply United States armed forces with canned goods. Increased production quotas conferred greater bargaining power on the companies’ employees, American women: employees insisted on more favorable (many of whom were Mexican)/(and employers, who were anxious to) fulfill the contracts, complied. Thus, labor activism became benefits,/(a platform for Mexican) American women to assert their agency. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

For many years, the only existing fossil evidence of mixopterid eurypterids—an extinct family of large aquatic arthropods known as sea scorpions and related to modern arachnids and horseshoe crabs—came from four species living on the paleocontinent of Laurussia. In a discovery that expands our understanding of the geographical distribution of mixopterids, paleontologist Bo Wang and others have identified fossilized remains of a new mixopterid species, Terropterus xiushanensis, that lived over 400 million years ago on the paleocontinent of Gondwana. According to the text, why was Wang and his team’s discovery of the Terropterus xiushanensis fossil significant?

Video Game Availability by Initial Release Years Initial release years Percentage of games still available 1975–1979 0.89 1980–1984 3.65 1985–1989 15.38 1990–1994 19.33 1995–1999 14.22 In a recent study, researchers found that relatively few video games released over the decades remain available today. For example, only 14.22 percent of games are still available that were initially released in _______ Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

Depths at Which Four Deep-Sea Fish Species Live Depth below the Species ocean surface Footballfish 200–1,000 meters Southern stoplight loosejaw 500–2,000 meters Black seadevil 250–2,000 meters Bollons’ rattail 300–800 meters Some oceanic fish species live very deep underwater. Researchers collected data about the depths at which various species live. Based on the information in the table, at what depth does the southern stoplight loosejaw live?

Housing Starts in the US, January–April 2022 (in thousands) Month Housing starts January 1,669 February 1,771 March 1,713 April 1,803 When construction of a single-family house begins, it is called a housing start. In the first four months of 2022, the highest number of housing starts in the United States was in _____ Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

Born in 1891 to a Quechua-speaking family in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Martín Chambi is today considered to be one of the most renowned figures of Latin American photography. In a paper for an art history class, a student claims that Chambi’s photographs have considerable ethnographic value—in his work, Chambi was able to capture diverse elements of Peruvian society, representing his subjects with both dignity and authenticity. Which finding, if true, would most directly support the student’s claim?

Researchers hypothesized that a decline in the population of dusky sharks near the mid-Atlantic coast of North America led to a decline in the population of eastern oysters in the region. Dusky sharks do not typically consume eastern oysters but do consume cownose rays, which are the main predators of the oysters. Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers’ hypothesis?

In the mountains of Brazil, Barbacenia tomentosa and Barbacenia macrantha—two plants in the Velloziaceae family—establish themselves on soilless, nutrient-poor patches of quartzite rock. Plant ecologists Anna Abrahão and Patricia de Britto Costa used microscopic analysis to determine that the roots of B. tomentosaand B. macrantha, which grow directly into the quartzite, have clusters of fine hairs near the root tip; further analysis indicated that these hairs secrete both malic and citric acids. The researchers hypothesize that the plants depend on dissolving underlying rock with these acids, as the process not only creates channels for continued growth but also releases phosphates that provide the vital nutrient phosphorus. Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers’ hypothesis?

Many mosquito repellents contain natural components that work by activating multiple odor receptors on mosquitoes’ antennae. As the insects develop resistance, new repellents are needed. Ke Dong and her team found that EBF, a molecular component of a chrysanthemum-flower extract, can repel mosquitoes by activating just one odor receptor—and this receptor, Or31, is present in all mosquito species known to carry diseases. Therefore, the researchers suggest that in developing new repellents, it would be most useful to _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?

Birds of many species ingest foods containing carotenoids, pigmented molecules that are converted into feather coloration. Coloration tends to be especially saturated in male birds’ feathers, and because carotenoids also confer health benefits, the deeply saturated colors generally serve to communicate what is known as an honest signal of a bird’s overall fitness to potential mates. However, ornithologist Allison J. Shultz and others have found that males in several species of the tanager genus Ramphocelususe microstructures in their feathers to manipulate light, creating the appearance of deeper saturation without the birds necessarily having to maintain a carotenoid-rich diet. These findings suggest that _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?

When writing The Other Black Girl(2021), novelist Zakiya Dalila Harris drew on her own experiences working at a publishing office. The award-winning book is Harris’s first novel, but her writing _______ honored before. At the age of twelve, she entered a contest to have a story published inAmerican Girl magazine—and won. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In order to prevent nonnative fish species from moving freely between the Mediterranean and Red Seas, marine biologist Bella Galil has proposed that a saline lock system be installed along the Suez Canal in Egypt’s Great Bitter Lakes. The lock would increase the salinity of the lakes and _______a natural barrier of water most marine creatures would be unable to cross. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Paintings by the renowned twentieth-century US _______were featured in Artist to Artist, an exhibition at the Smithsonian Art Museum that paired the works of artists whose career trajectories intersected in meaningful ways. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1943, in the midst of World War II, mathematics professor Grace Hopper was recruited by the US military to help the war effort by solving complex equations. Hopper’s subsequent career would involve more than just _______as a pioneering computer programmer, Hopper would help usher in the digital age. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Increased gender diversity is revitalizing the field of economics, according to Harvard’s Claudia Goldin. The trailblazing accomplishments of Goldin, winner of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Economics for her work on women in the labor force, _______to the value of scholars of diverse backgrounds in spurring research into previously unexplored, but vitally important, topics. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

During the English neoclassical period (1660–1789), many writers imitated the epic poetry and satires of ancient Greece and Rome. They were not the first in England to adopt the literary modes of classical _______some of the most prominent figures of the earlier Renaissance period were also influenced by ancient Greek and Roman literature. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

English poet and Shakespeare contemporary John Donne’s _______much admired during his lifetime (1572–1631) and in the decades that followed, had, at the time of their enthusiastic rediscovery by the early twentieth-century modernists, been essentially gathering dust for the intervening 250 years. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Compared to that of alumina glass, _______silica glass atoms are so far apart that they are unable to re-form bonds after being separated. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In November 1934, Amrita Sher-Gil was living in what must have seemed like the ideal city for a young artist: Paris. She was studying firsthand the color-saturated style of France’s modernist masters and beginning to make a name for herself as a painter. _______Sher-Gil longed to return to her childhood home of India; only there, she believed, could her art truly flourish. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In 1974, Mexican chemist Mario Molina and US chemist F. Sherwood Rowland discovered that chemicals called CFCs were harmful to the ozone layer. Their research was extremely influential in the fight against CFCs. _______it laid the foundation for a 1987 treaty that phased out the use of CFCs across the globe. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

With his room-sized installation Unicorn/My Private Sky, Norwegian artist Børre Sæthre succeeds in creating a whimsical yet perplexing experience. _______when visitors set foot inside the fantastically blue room and encounter the life-sized stuffed unicorn preening at the far end of it, they are both dazzled and confused—as if stepping into a strange and enchanting new world. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike was a road built between 1792 and 1794. • It was the first private turnpike in the United States. • It connected the cities of Philadelphia and Lancaster in the state of Pennsylvania. • It was sixty-two miles long. The student wants to emphasize the distance covered by the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Most, but not all, of the Moon’s oxygen comes from the Sun, via solar wind. • Cosmochemist Kentaro Terada from Osaka University wondered if some of the unaccounted-for oxygen could be coming from Earth. • In 2008, he analyzed data from the Japanese satellite Kaguya. • Kaguya gathered data about gases and particles it encountered while orbiting the Moon. • Based on the Kaguya data, Terada confirmed his suspicion that Earth is sending oxygen to the Moon. The student wants to emphasize the aim of the research study. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

- - - - - -_some_colors_seem_to_be - - - ~ Art scholars have noted that more _______ viewers than others. For example, people tend to find paintings featuring blues and greens more appealing than paintings featuring yellows and oranges. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Researchers and conservationists stress that biodiversity loss due to invasive species is _______. For example, people can take simple steps such as washing their footwear after travel to avoid introducing potentially invasive organisms into new environments. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The process of mechanically recycling plastics is often considered ______ because of the environmental impact and the loss of material quality that often occurs. But chemist Takunda Chazovachii has helped develop a cleaner process of chemical recycling that converts superabsorbent polymers from diapers into a desirable reusable adhesive. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In the Indigenous intercropping system known as the Three Sisters, maize, squash, and beans form an _______web of relations: maize provides the structure on which the bean vines grow; the squash vines cover the soil, discouraging competition from weeds; and the beans aid their two “sisters” by enriching the soil with essential nitrogen. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Within baleen whale species, some individuals develop an accessory spleen—a seemingly functionless formation of splenetic tissue outside the normal spleen. Given the formation’s greater prevalence among whales known to make deeper dives, some researchers hypothesize that its role isn’t ______; rather, the accessory spleen may actively support diving mechanisms. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

In 2007, computer scientist Luis von Ahn was working on converting printed books into a digital format. He found that some words were distorted enough that digital scanners couldn’t recognize them, but most humans could easily read them. Based on that finding, von Ahn invented a simple security test to keep automated “bots” out of websites. The first version of the reCAPTCHA test asked users to type one known word and one of the many words scanners couldn’t recognize. Correct answers proved the users were humans and added data to the book-digitizing project. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

The following text is adapted from Gwendolyn Bennett’s 1926 poem “Street Lamps in Early Spring.” Night wears a garment All velvet soft, all violet blue... And over her face she draws a veil As shimmering fine as floating dew... And here and there In the black of her hair The subtle hands of Night Move slowly with their gem-starred light. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

The following text is adapted from Jane Austen’s 1814 novel Mansfield Park. The speaker, Tom, is considering staging a play at home with a group of his friends and family. We mean nothing but a little amusement among ourselves, just to vary the scene, and exercise our powers in something new. We want no audience, no publicity. We may be trusted, I think, in choosing some play most perfectly unexceptionable; and I can conceive no greater harm or danger to any of us in conversing in the elegant written language of some respectable author than in chattering in words of our own. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Text1 Ecologists have long wondered how thousands of microscopic phytoplankton species can live together near ocean surfaces resources. According to conventional wisdom, one species should emerge (competing for the same)/(after outcompeting the) rest. So why do so many species remain? Ecologists’ many efforts to explain this phenomenon still haven’t uncovered a satisfactory explanation. Text 2 Ecologist Michael Behrenfeld and colleagues have connected phytoplankton’s diversity to their microscopic size. Because these organisms are so tiny, they are spaced relatively far apart from each other in ocean water and, moreover, experience that water as a relatively dense substance. This in turn makes it hard for them to move around and interact with one another. Therefore, says Behrenfeld’s team, direct competition among phytoplankton probably happens much less than previously thought. Based on the texts, how would Behrenfeld and colleagues (Text 2) most likely respond to the “conventional wisdom” discussed in Text 1?

The following text is adapted from Sylvia Acevedo’s 2018 memoir Path to the Stars:My Journey from Girl Scout to Rocket Scientist. The narrator is traveling by car with her family to Mexico City. Mario and Laura are her brother and sister. Mario and I played games to see how many different license plates we could spot, and Laura liked to look for children in the back seats of the cars we passed. We were used to the forty-five- minute drive to El Paso and familiar with the six-hour ride to Chihuahua, but I wondered what the long journey to Mexico City would be like. ©2018 by Sylvia Acevedo According to the text, what did the narrator and Mario do while riding in the car?

In the 1700s and 1800s, European composers experimented with volume in their musical works. They did so by increasing the number of musicians playing in the orchestra. For example, in some of his operas, German composer Richard Wagner added more horns, trombones, and tubas to the orchestra. With more instruments playing at the same time, the orchestra could play extremely loudly at key moments in his operas. According to the text, how did Richard Wagner achieve moments of extremely high volume in his operas?

Poetry in Classical Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec Empire, relies on difrasismo, or a parallel noun construction that conventionally operates as a single metaphor. For example, the common difrasismo in cuauhtli in ocelotl(literally, “the eagle, the jaguar”) signifies “warrior.” The device’s function is both formal—providing structure to lines of verse—and ritual: semantic relations among the two nouns and the concept they signify can be tenuous, as in the previous example, such that difrasismos are often only intelligible according to the conceptual associations observed in Aztec ceremonial culture. Which statement about the difrasismo in cuauhtli in ocelotlis most strongly supported by the text?

Eighteenth-century economist Adam Smith is famed for his metaphor of the invisible hand, which he putatively used to illustrate a robust model of how individuals produce aggregate benefits by pursuing their own economic interests. Note “putatively”: as Gavin Kennedy has shown, Smith deploys this metaphor only once in his economic writings—to make a narrow point about the then-dominant economic theory of mercantilism—and it was largely ignored until some twentieth-century economists eager to secure an intellectual pedigree for their views elevated it to a fully-fledged paradigm. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

Approximate Rates of Speech and Information Conveyed for Five Languages Rate of speech Rate of information (syllables conveyed (bits Language per second) per second) Serbian 7.2 39.1 Spanish 7.7 42.0 Vietnamese 5.3 42.5 Thai 4.7 33.8 Hungarian 5.9 34.6 A group of researchers working in Europe, Asia, and Oceania conducted a study to determine how quickly different Eurasian languages are typically spoken (in syllables per second) and how much information they can effectively convey (in bits per second). They found that, although languages vary widely in the speed at which they are spoken, the amount of information languages can effectively convey tends to vary much less. Thus, they claim that two languages with very different spoken rates can nonetheless convey the same amount of information in a given amount of time. Which choice best describes data from the table that support the researchers’ claim?

Estimates of Tyrannosaurid Bite Force A Study Year Estimation method Cost et al. 2019 muscular and skeletal modeling Gignac and Erickson 2017 tooth-bone interaction analysis Meers 2002 body-mass scaling Bates and Falkingham 2012 muscular and skeletal modeling The largest tyrannosaurids—the family of carnivorous dinos that includes Tarbosaurus, Albertosaurus, and, most famousl Tyrannosaurus rex—are thought to have had the strongest bi land animals in Earth’s history. Determining the bite force o animals can be difficult, however, and paleontologists Paul B Emily Rayfield have suggested that an estimate of dinosaur b may be significantly influenced by the methodology used in g that estimate. Which choice best describes data from the table that support and Rayfield’s suggestion?

Psychologists Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt have argued that experiencing awe—a sensation of reverence and wonder typically brought on by perceiving something grand or powerful—can enable us to feel more connected to others and thereby inspire us to act more altruistically. Keltner, along with Paul K. Piff, Pia Dietze, and colleagues, claims to have found evidence for this effect in a recent study where participants were asked to either gaze up at exceptionally tall trees in a nearby grove (reported to be a universally awe-inspiring experience) or stare at the exterior of a nearby, nondescript building. After one minute, an experimenter deliberately spilled a box of pens nearby. Which finding from the researchers’ study, if true, would most strongly support their claim?

The domestic sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) descends from a wild plant native to South America. It also populates the Polynesian Islands, where evidence confirms that Native Hawaiians and other Indigenous peoples were cultivating the plant centuries before seafaring first occurred over the thousands of miles of ocean separating them from South America. To explain how the sweet potato was first introduced in Polynesia, botanist Pablo Muñoz-Rodríguez and colleagues analyzed the DNA of numerous varieties of the plant, concluding that Polynesian varieties diverged from South American ones over 100,000 years ago. Given that Polynesia was peopled only in the last three thousand years, the team concluded that ______ Which choice most logically completes the text?

The morphological novelty of echinoderms—marine invertebrates with radial symmetry, usually starlike, around a central point—impedes comparisons with most other animals, in which bilateral symmetry on an anterior-posterior (head to tail) axis through a trunk is typical. Particularly puzzling are sea stars, thought to have evolved a headless layout from a known bilateral origin. Applying genomic knowledge of Saccoglossus kowalevskiiacorn worms (close relatives of sea stars, and thus expected to have similar markers for corresponding anatomical regions) to the body patterning genes of Patiria miniatasea stars, Laurent Formery et al. observed activity only in anterior genes across P. miniata’s entire body and some posterior genes limited to the edges, suggesting that _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?

To survive when water is scarce, embryos inside African turquoise killifish eggs ______ a dormant state known as diapause. In this state, embryonic development is paused for as long as two years—longer than the life span of an adult killifish. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Formed in 1967 to foster political and economic stability within the Asia-Pacific region, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations was originally made up of five members: Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia. By the end of the 1990s, the organization ______ its initial membership. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

After the United Kingdom began rolling out taxes equivalent to a few cents on single-use plastic grocery bags in 2011, plastic-bag consumption decreased by up to ninety _______taxes are subject to what economists call the “rebound effect”: as the change became normalized, plastic-bag use started to creep back up. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1966, Emmett Ashford became the first African American to umpire a Major League Baseball game. His energetic gestures announcing when a player had struck out and his habit of barreling after a hit ball to see if it would land out of _______ transform the traditionally solemn umpire role into a dynamic one. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The forty-seven geothermal springs of Arkansas’ Hot Springs National Park are sourced via a process known as natural groundwater recharge, in which rainwater percolates downward through the earth—in this case, the porous rocks of the hills around Hot ______ collect in a subterranean basin. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Over twenty years ago, in a landmark experiment in the psychology of choice, professor Sheena Iyengar set up a jam-tasting booth at a grocery store. The number of jams available for tasting ______ some shoppers had twenty-four different options, others only six. Interestingly, the shoppers with fewer jams to choose from purchased more jam. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Nigerian author Buchi Emecheta’s celebrated literary oeuvre includes The Joys of Motherhood, a novel about the changing roles of women in 1950s ______ a television play about the private struggles of a newlywed couple in Nigeria; and Head Above Water, her autobiography. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Jetties—long, narrow structures that extend from a landmass into the water—are often constructed to protect coastlines from erosion. Jetties can sometimes have the opposite _______ obstructing the natural flow of sand along the shore can lead to increased erosion in some areas. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The Alaska Native Language Archive (ANLA) is known for its impressive audio collection. _______ the ANLA has more than 5,000 audio recordings of Native Alaskan languages dating as far back as 1943. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Etched into Peru’s Nazca Desert are line drawings so large that they can only be fully seen from high above. Archaeologists have known of the lines since the 1920s, when a researcher spotted some from a nearby foothill, and they have been studying the markings ever since. ______ archaeologists’ efforts are aided by drones that capture high-resolution aerial photographs of the lines. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

At two weeks old, the time their critical socialization period begins, wolves can smell but cannot yet see or hear. Domesticated dogs, _______can see, hear, and smell by the end of two weeks. This relative lack of sensory input may help explain why wolves behave so differently around humans than dogs do: from a very young age, wolves are more wary and less exploratory. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Upon first approaching artist Kurt Wenner’s Dies Irae, a colorful scene painted on the surface of a cobblestone street in Mantua, Italy, one might assume a deep hole filled with life-sized, classically styled sculptures had opened up in the street. _______ by expertly applying the principles of perspective, Wenner created merely the illusion of depth. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Economist Elinor Ostrom’s studies of communities around the world have empirically demonstrated that common pool resources, such as grazing lands, can be sustainably managed by the people who use them (rather than through private entities or centralized governments). _______ Ostrom’s work is a repudiation of the “tragedy of the commons,” the view that individuals will inevitably overexploit a finite shared resource if given unfettered access to it. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Some sandstone arches in Utah’s Arches National Park have been defaced by tourists’ carvings. • Park rangers can smooth away some carvings using power grinders. • For deep carvings, power grinding is not always feasible because it can greatly alter or damage the rock. • Park rangers can use an infilling technique, which involves filling in carvings with ground sandstone and a bonding agent. • This technique is minimally invasive. The student wants to explain an advantage of the infilling technique. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Las sergas de Esplandiánwas a novel popular in sixteenth-century Spain. • The novel featured a fictional island inhabited solely by Black women and known as California. • That same century, Spanish explorers learned of an “island” off the west coast of Mexico. • They called it California after the island in the novel. • The “island” was actually the peninsula now known as Baja California (“Lower California”), which lies to the south of the US state of California. The student wants to emphasize the role a misconception played in the naming of a place. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

- - - - - - - - -_straight ~ A bus is traveling at a constant speed along a d = 30t portion of road. The equation gives the distance d, in feet from a road marker, that the bus will be t seconds after passing the marker. How many feet from the marker will the bus be 2 seconds after passing the marker?

- -_particular_machine_that_produces - - - - - -_beads,_29_out - ~ For a of every 100 beads it produces have a defect. A bead produced by the machine will be selected at random. What is the probability of selecting a bead that has a defect?

y. 114 I 11, I I 110 s / I I y 6 l l f 1 1 X V -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 246810 What is the y-intercept of the graph shown? (−8,0)

Which expression_2 is equivalent to 2 x^2 + x −9 + x +6 x +1 () ()? 2x^2 +7x+10

An analyst collected data on the price of a carton of grape tomatoes at 30 locations selected at random in Utah. The mean price of a carton of grape tomatoes in Utah was estimated to be $4.23, with an associated $0.08 margin of error of. Which of the following is a plausible statement about the mean price of a carton of grape tomatoes for all locations that sell this product in Utah? $4.15 $4.31

- - - - -_2.8 - - - 2.6 +x = What value of x is the solution to the given equation?

80% Out of 300 seeds that were planted, sprouted. How many of these seeds sprouted?

f(x) = 4x+b For the linear function f, b is a constant f(7) = 28 and. What is the value of b?

LMN PQR Right triangles and are similar, where L and Mcorrespond to Pand Q, respectively. Angle M has a measure of 53°. What is the measure of angle Q? 37°

What is the equation of the line that passes through (0,5) the point and is parallel to the graph of y = 7x+4 in the xy-plane? y = 5x

- y 10 • 9 • 8 • 7 t - 6 5 4 • 3 "' 2 • 1 • u X 12345678910 Which of the following equations is the most appropriate linear model for the data shown in the scatterplot? y = −1.9x−10.1

A model predicts that the population of Bergen was 15,000 in 2005. The model also predicts that each year for the next 5 years, the population p increased 4% by of the previous year’s population. Which equation best represents this model, where x is the x ≤ 5 number of years after 2005, for?

- - - - - -_=_198 - - - ~ 2a+8b 2a+4b = 98 The solution to the given system of equations is (a,b). What is the value of b?

- - - - - -_is_equivalent_to - - - ~ 90y^5 −54y^4 The expression ry^4 15y−9 (), where r is a constant. What is the value of r?

y ' 16 I 14 12 10 \ $ \~,4,2 V ' X _ z_ _6 _ 8-.=6-.=4-.=2_~ /4- \8- >-, 4,.,,, I/ 6_I'- 8 19 I 12 I 1~ I. 16 y = f(x) The graph of is shown, where the f(x) = ax^3 +bx^2 +cx+d function f is defined by and a, b, c, and d are constants. For how many f(x) = 0 values of x does?

The area A, in square centimeters, of a rectangular cutting board can be represented by the expression w(w +9), where w is the width, in centimeters, of the cutting board. Which expression represents the length, in centimeters, of the cutting board? w(w +9)

= p (- k)/(4j +9) The given equation relates the distinct positive numbers p, k, and j. Which equation correctly 4j +9 expresses in terms of p and k? 4j +9 =

- - - - -_3n - - - - - Circle A has a radius of and circle B has a radius 129n of, where n is a positive constant. The area of circle B is how many times the area of circle A?

The measure of angle R is 2π/3 radians. The measure of angle T is 5π/12 radians greater than the measure of angle R. What is the measure of angle T, in degrees?

y = x^2 −14x+22 The given equation relates the variables x and y. For what value of x does the value of y reach its minimum?

- -_business_owner - -_budgets -_$2,200_to_purchase - ~ A small candles. The owner must purchase a minimum of 200 candles to maintain the discounted pricing. If the owner pays $4.90 per candle to purchase small candles and $11.60 per candle to purchase large candles, what is the maximum number of large candles the owner can purchase to stay within the budget and maintain the discounted pricing?

- - - -_≤_x+7 - - ~ y y ≥ −2x−1 (x,y) Which point is a solution to the given system of inequalities in the xy-plane? (−14,0)

Weight (pounds) Frequency 13 12 14 8 15 5 16 7 17 9 18 10 19 13 20 7 The frequency table summarizes a data set of the weights, rounded to the nearest pound, of 71 tortoises. A weight of 39 pounds is added to the original data set, creating a new data set of the weights, rounded to the nearest pound, of 72 tortoises. Which statement best compares the mean and median of the new data set to the mean and median of the original data set?

- - - -_(x−a)(x−29) - - ~ x−29 = Which of the following are solutions to the given a > 30 equation, where a is a constant and? I. a a+1 II. 29 III.

- - -_the_graph_of_the - -_equation - ~ In the xy-plane, y = −x^2 +9x−100 y = c intersects the line at exactly one point. What is the value of c? −

The functions f and g are defined by the given x ≥ 0 equations, where. Which of the following equations displays, as a constant or coefficient, the maximum value of the function it defines, where x ≥ 0? f ( x) = 18 ( 1.25)^x +41 I. g x = 9 0.73 II. () ()^x

The perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 852 centimeters. The three vertices of the triangle lie on a circle. The radius of the circle is w 3 centimeters. What is the value of w? OP

y 10 8 6.,,,,,.~,,,, ~ 4 ~v.,,, 2, l/,J' u X l'?f' -8 -6 -4 -2 2.2 What is the y-intercept of the line graphed? (−5,0)

Average number of Type of store employees Warehouse store 365 Department store 213 Supermarket 130 For a certain region, the table shows the average number of store employees in 2016 by type of store. Based on the table, how much greater was the average number of store employees in warehouse stores than in supermarkets?

- m n t 33 Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the figure, line m is parallel to line n, and line t intersects both lines. What is the value of x?

Sean rents a tent^-^-^-^- at a cost of $11 per day^-^~ plus a onetime insurance fee of $10. Which equation represents the total cost c, in dollars, to rent the tent with insurance for d days? c = 11(d+10)

- a b Note: Figure not drawn to scale. a = 4 b = 5 For the right triangle shown, and. Which expression represents the value of c? 4 +5

g(x) = 6x The function g is defined^-^-^-^-^- by. For what g(x) = 54 value of x is?

f(x) = x−2 The function f is defined by (- 1)/10. What = is the y-intercept of the graph of y f(x) in the xy-plane? (−2,0)

- - -_is_creating_a_video_with - - - -_a_length_of - - - A producer 70 minutes. The video will consist of segments that are 1 minute long and segments that are 3 minutes long. Which equation represents this situation, where x represents the number of 1-minute segments and y represents the number of 3-minute segments? 4xy = 70

- - - -_defined_by - - -_=_7x -_._In_the - ~ 3 The function f is f(x) y = g(x) xy-plane, the graph of is the result of = f(x) shifting the graph of y down 2 units. Which equation defines function g? g(x) = x^3

y = −3x 4x+y = 15 The solution to the given system of equations (x,y) is. What is the value of x?

- B 35 C A Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the right triangle shown, what is the value of sinA?

A bowl^- contains 20 ounces of water. When the^- bowl is uncovered, the amount of water in the bowl decreases by 1 ounce every 4 days. If 9 ounces of water remain in this bowl, for how many days has it been uncovered?

9(4−3x) +2 = 8(4−3x) +18 If, what is the value 4−3x of? −16

A certain township consists of a 5-hectare industrial park and a 24-hectare neighborhood. The total number of trees in the township is 4,529. The 5x+24y = 4,529 equation represents this situation. Which of the following is the best interpretation of x in this context?

12 a^11 Which expression is equivalent to, a > 0 where? 12 a^132

The dot plots represent the distributions of values in data sets A and B. Data Set A Data Set B • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Value Value Which of the following statements must be true? I. The median of data set A is equal to the median of data set B. II. The standard deviation of data set A is equal to the standard deviation of data set B.

A circle has center O, and points R and S lie on the ORS ∠ROS 88° circle. In triangle, the measure of is. ∠RSO What is the measure of, in degrees? (Disregard the degree symbol when entering your answer.)

- - - - - - - - -_._The ~ $11.70 The regular price of a shirt at a store is 80% sale price of the shirt is less than the regular price, and the sale price is 30% greater than the store’s cost for the shirt. What was the store’s cost, in dollars, for the shirt? (Disregard the $ sign when entering your answer. For example, if your answer is $4.97, enter 4.97)

A cube has an edge length of 68 inches. A solid sphere with a radius of 34 inches is inside the cube, such that the sphere touches the center of each face of the cube. To the nearest cubic inch, what is the volume of the space in the cube not taken up by the sphere?

y = 6x+18 One of the equations in a system of two linear equations is given. The system has no solution. Which equation could be the second equation in the system? −6x+y = 18

PQR LMN Triangles and are graphed in the PQR xy-plane. Triangle has vertices P, Q, and R at (4,5) (4,7) (6,5) LMN,, and, respectively. Triangle (4,5) (4,7+k) has vertices L, M, and N at,, (6 +k,5) and, respectively, where k is a positive ∠Q t° constant. If the measure of is, what is the ∠N measure of? (90−(t−k))°

2x+3y = 7 10x+15y = 35 For each real number r, which of the following points lies on the graph of each equation in the xy-plane for the given system? r 

(x^2)/(x^2 −c^2) = (c^2)/(x^2 −c^2) +39 In the given equation, c is a positive constant. Which of the following is one of the solutions to the given equation? −c

The quadratic function g models the depth, in meters, below the surface of the water of a seal t minutes after the seal entered the water during a dive. The function estimates that the seal reached its maximum depth of 302.4 meters 6 minutes after it entered the water and then reached the surface of the water 12 minutes after it entered the water. Based on the function, what was the estimated depth, to the nearest meter, of the seal 10 minutes after it entered the water? OP