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The dot plots represent the distributions of values in data sets A and B. Data Set A Data Set B • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Value Value Which of the following statements must be true? I. The median of data set A is equal to the median of data set B. II. The standard deviation of data set A is equal to the standard deviation of data set B.
Correct answer: A (parsed from the explanation — this source omits an answer key for this item)
Explanation
Choice A is correct. The median of a data set with an odd number of values that are in ascending or descending order is the middle value of the data set. Since the distribution of the values of both data set A and data set B form symmetric dot plots, and each data set has an odd number of values, it follows that the median is given by the middle value in each of the dot plots. Thus, the median of data set A 13 13 is , and the median of data set B is . Therefore, statement I is true. Data set A 12 14 15 and data set B have the same frequency for each of the values 11, , , and . 10 16 Data set A has a frequency of 1 for values and , whereas data set B has a 10 16 frequency of 2 for values and . Standard deviation is a measure of the spread of a data set; it is larger when there are more values farther from the mean, and smaller when there are more values closer to the mean. Since both distributions are symmetric with an odd number of values, the mean of each data 13 set is equal to its median. Thus, each data set has a mean of . Since more of the 13 values in data set A are closer to than in data set B, it follows that data set A has a smaller standard deviation than data set B. Thus, statement II is false. Therefore, only statement I must be true. Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors. 45 SAT PRACTICE TEST #8 ANSWER EXPLANATIONS SAT ANSWER EXPLANATIONS n MATH: MODULE 2
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