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The following text is from the 1913 story “The King’s Coin” by Emily Pauline Johnson, a Kanienkahagen (Mohawk) writer also known as Tekahionwake. Fox-Foot, a young Ojibwe man, is guiding a group of fur traders who are traveling by canoe and suspects that they are being followed. At supper time, Fox-Foot would fire to be built, no landing to be made, no trace of their passing to be left. They ate canned (allow no)/meat and marmalade, drank again of the stream and pushed on, until just at dusk they reached the edge of a long, still lake, with shores of granite and dense fir forest. As used in the text, what does the word “trace” most nearly mean?

Many ancient sculptures of people’s heads are missing their noses. This is because the nose is the most _______ part of a sculpture of a person’s head. It is delicate and sticks out from the rest of the sculpture, making it especially easy to break. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

K.D. Leka and colleagues found that the Sun’s corona provides an advance indication of solar flares—intense eruptions of electromagnetic radiation that emanate from active regions in the Sun’s photosphere and can interfere with telecommunications on Earth. Preceding a flare, the corona temporarily exhibits increased brightness above the region where the flare is _______. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

To demonstrate that the integrity of underground metal pipes can be assessed without unearthing the pipes, engineer Aroba Saleem and colleagues _______ the tendency of some metals’ internal magnetic fields to alter under stress: the team showed that such alterations can be measured from a distance and can reveal concentrations of stress in the pipes. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Despite the generalizations about human behavior they have produced, many studies of behavioral psychology have used highly unrepresentative subject pools: students at the colleges and universities where the researchers are employed. To _______ this situation, it is necessary to actively recruit subjects from diverse backgrounds and locations. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is adapted from Jean Webster’s 1912 novel Daddy-Long-Legs. The narrator is a young college student writing letters detailing her weekly experiences. [The college is] organizing the Freshman basket-ball team and there’s just a chance that I shall make it. I’m little of course, but terribly quick and wiry and tough. While the others are hopping about in the air, I can dodge under their feet and grab the ball. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

In the late 1800s, Spanish-language newspapers flourished in cities across Texas. San Antonio alone produced eleven newspapers in Spanish between 1890 and 1900. But El Paso surpassed all other cities in the state. This city produced twenty-two newspapers in Spanish during that period. El Paso is located on the border with Mexico and has always had a large population of Spanish speakers. Thus, it is unsurprising that this city became such a rich site for Spanish-language journalism. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

Chile’s Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on Earth. Mary Beth Wilhelm and other astrobiologists search for life, or its remains, in this harsh place because the desert closely mirrors the extreme environment on Mars. The algae and bacteria found in Atacama’s driest regions may offer clues about Martian life. By studying how these and other microorganisms survive such extreme conditions on Earth, Wilhelm’s team hopes to determine whether similar life might have existed on Mars and to develop the best tools to look for evidence of it. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

More than 60% of journeys in Mexico City occur via public transit, but simply reproducing a feature of the city’s transit system—e.g., its low fares—is unlikely to induce a significant increase in another city’s transit ridership. As Erick Guerra et al. have shown, transportation mode choice in urban areas of Mexico is the product of a complex mix of factors, including population density, the spatial distribution of jobs, and demographic characteristics of individuals. System features do affect ridership, of course, but there is an irreducibly contextual dimension of transportation mode choice. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?

Changes to vegetation cover and other human activities influence carbon and nitrogen levels in soil, though how deep these effects extend is unclear. Hypothesizing that differences in land use lead to differences in carbon and nitrogen levels that are not restricted to the topsoil layer (0–30 cm deep), Chukwuebuka Okolo and colleagues sampled soils across multiple land-use types (e.g., grazing land, cropland, forest) within each of several Ethiopian locations. They found, though, that across land-use types, carbon and nitrogen decreased to comparably low levels beyond depths of 30 cm. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

Recently, scientists looked at data collected by NASA’s InSight lander to learn more about seismic activity on Mars, known as marsquakes. The data show that the marsquakes all started from the same location on the planet. This discovery was surprising to scientists, as they expected that the marsquakes would originate from all over the planet because of the cooling of the planet’s surface. Now, scientists believe that there could be areas of active magma flows deep beneath the planet’s surface that trigger the marsquakes. According to the text, what was surprising to scientists studying the seismic activity data from NASA’s InSight lander?

The ancient writing system used in the Maya kingdoms of southern Mexico and Central America had a symbol for the number zero. The earliest known example of the symbol dates to more than 2,000 years ago. At that time, almost none of the writing systems elsewhere in the world possessed a zero symbol. And the use of zero in Mexico and Central America may be even more ancient. Some historians suggest that Maya mathematicians inherited it from the Olmec civilization, which flourished in the region 2,400–3,600 years ago. According to the text, what do some historians suggest about Maya civilization?

“The Bet” is an 1889 short story by Anton Chekhov. In the story, a banker is described as being very upset about something: _______ Which quotation from “The Bet” most effectively illustrates the claim?

Partial List of Candidate Species for De-extinction Common name Scientific name Became extinct Heteralocha Huia acutirostris 1907 Caribbean Monachus monk seal tropicalis 1952 Passenger Ectopistes pigeon migratorius 1914 Saber-toothed 11,000 years cat Smilodon before present Woolly Mammuthus 6,400 years mammoth primigenius before present The passage of time is among the many obstacles faced by scientists who are pursuing de-extinction efforts—that is, efforts to use breeding or a mixture of cloning and genetic engineering to bring back extinct species. Specifically, researchers are concerned that the longer a species has been extinct, the less likely it is that a suitable habitat still exists for that species. Among candidate species for de-extinction, this problem would be especially concerning for the _______ Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?

“The Yellow Wallpaper” is an 1892 short story by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, the narrator expresses mixed feelings about her surroundings: Which quotation from “The Yellow Wallpaper” most effectively illustrates the claim?

The Younger Dryas was a period of extreme cooling from 11,700 to 12,900 years ago in the Northern Hemisphere. Some scientists argue that a comet fragment hitting Earth brought about the cooling. Others disagree, partly because there is no known crater from such an impact that dates to the beginning of the period. In 2015, a team led by Kurt Kjær detected a 19-mile-wide crater beneath a glacier in Greenland. The scientists who believe an impact caused the Younger Dryas claim that this discovery supports their view. However, Kjær’s team hasn’t yet been able to determine the age of the crater. Therefore, the team suggests that _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?

In 2016 biological anthropologist Heather F. Smith and her team investigated the evolution of the appendix, an intestinal organ that is present in some mammals, including humans, but is generally thought to have no function. Studying 533 mammal species, the team found that the appendix has emerged independently across multiple lineages in separate instances and, significantly, hasn’t disappeared after emerging in specific lineages. Moreover, the team determined that species with the organ tend to have higher concentrations of lymphoid tissue, which supports immune responses, in the cecum, the organ the appendix is attached to. Therefore, the team hypothesized that the appendix likely _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?

Some ethicists hold that the moral goodness of an individual’s actions depends solely on whether the actions themselves are good, irrespective of the context in which they are carried out. Philosopher L. Sebastian Purcell has shown that surviving works of Aztec (Nahua) philosophy express a very different view. Purcell reveals that these works posit an ethical system in which an individual’s actions are judged in light of how well they accord with the individual’s role in society and how well they contribute to the community. To the extent that these works are representative of Aztec thought, Purcell’s analysis suggests that _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?

Lê L ươ ng Minh became the thirteenth secretary-general of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in January 2013, making _______ the first time the organization would appoint a Vietnamese leader. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1929, Edwin Herbert Land invented a polarizing filter that was featured in a number of products, from sunglasses to 3D movies. A decade later, Land _______ his technology to invent the world’s first instant camera, the Polaroid Land camera. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

- - -_copyrighted - An online content creator who uses songs without permission risks being demonetized (prohibited from including paid advertisements in content). The best way to avoid demonetization is to choose music from the public domain. Using one of these noncopyrighted songs _______ a creator won’t lose advertising revenue. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

What makes the theremin a unique musical instrument? You play it without touching it. When you place your _______ the pitch will shift as your hands move through the air. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In the music video for the song “We Didn’t Start the Fire” by Billy Joel, the singer lists 118 political and cultural references. Such iconic references, cited in rapid and frenetic procession by the musician, who is seated impassively at a dinner table, _______ key moments and personalities of the twentieth century. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Long attributed to^- Jacques-Louis David, the preeminent Neoclassical painter of his day, the 1801 painting Marie Joséphine Charlotte du Val d’Ognes gained fresh attention in the 1990s when art historians discovered that the painting—which depicts a solitary young woman sketching—was actually the work of little-known French portrait _______ Marie-Denise Villers (1774–1821). Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1986, conceptual artist Sophie Calle asked twenty-three people, all of whom had been born without sight, to describe “their image of beauty” in rich detail. Calle paired excerpts of these conversations with photographs—both of interviewees and the items they _______ to powerful effect in her exhibition The Blind. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Celebrated Tewa potter Maria Martinez (1887–1980) made her signature all-black ceramic vessels using a heating technique called reduction firing. This technique involves smothering the flame surrounding the clay vessel. _______ the vessel takes on a shiny, black hue. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

- -_that_the_jazz_pianist_Jelly_Roll - - Historians agree Morton was exaggerating when he claimed to have invented jazz music. No one can deny, _______ that Morton’s innovative compositions and remarkable improvisational skills helped shape jazz as a genre during its early years. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

According to Duverger’s law, countries with single-ballot majoritarian elections for single-member districts tend to polarize into two-party systems, wherein dueling political parties consistently dominate the political system. _______ countries with proportional-representation electoral systems tend to support multi-partyism, under which power gets distributed among many political parties. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A turtle shell appears external to the animal, protecting its body like armor. _______ the shell is often incorrectly assumed to be an exoskeleton, a rigid outer casing like that of a crustacean or an insect, when in fact it is an endoskeleton, a part of the turtle’s internal bone structure, more akin to a spine or a pair of ribs. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • In 1859, the novel Adam Bede was published in England. • According to the novel’s title page, the author’s name was George Eliot. • George Eliot was widely assumed to be a pseudonym. • A pseudonym is a fake name used to conceal an author’s identity. • A woman named Mary Ann Evans later revealed herself as the novel’s real author. The student wants to identify the real author of Adam Bede. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Scientists have developed a “freeze-thaw” battery that can retain 92% of its charge after twelve weeks. • The battery contains molten salt (a type of salt that liquifies when heated and solidifies at room temperature). • When the salt is in a liquid state, energy flows through the battery. • When the salt is in a solid state, energy stops flowing and is stored in the battery. • The stored (frozen) energy can be used by reheating (thawing) the battery. The student wants to specify how the salt enables energy storage. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) keeps a list of all at-risk species. • Species on the list are classified as either endangered or threatened. • A species that is in danger of extinction throughout most or all of its range is classified as endangered. • A species that is likely to soon become endangered is classified as threatened. • The California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) is likely to soon become endangered, according to the FWS. The student wants to indicate the California red-legged frog’s FWS classification category. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

The following text is adapted from Elizabeth von Arnim’s 1922 novel The Enchanted April. Mrs. Wilkins and her friend Rose are traveling in Italy. “I’m going to have one of these gorgeous oranges,” staying where she was and reaching across to a black bowl piled with them. (said Mrs. Wilkins,)/(“Rose, how can) you resist them. Look—have this one. Do have this beauty—” And she held out a big one. As used in the text, what does the phrase “reaching across to” most nearly mean?

A team of paleontologists has found a rich fossil deposit near Gulgong, Australia. The fossils are so well preserved that the team has been able to _______ detailed information about the life forms that left them behind, such as color patterns and how they interacted with other species. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

According to a team of neuroeconomists from the University of Zurich, ease of decision making may be linked to communication between two brain regions, the prefrontal cortex and the parietal cortex. Individuals tend to be more decisive if the information flow between the regions is intensified, whereas they make choices more slowly when information flow is _______. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The War of 1812 has _______ place in historical memory in Britain, partly because it is overshadowed by the much larger concurrent conflict against Napoleonic France and partly because it essentially maintained the geopolitical status quo for Britain: the country neither gained nor lost significant territory or position as a result of its participation in the war. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Claims about the original significance of Minoan bull-leaping rituals—depicted in paintings and sculptures from the second millennium BCE—are difficult to successfully _______. We know so little about the people archaeologists call the Minoans that assertions about what bull-leaping meant to them will almost inevitably rely on significant speculation and guesswork. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is adapted from Jerome K. Jerome’s 1889 novel Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog). The narrator is traveling by boat with Harris and another friend. [Harris] told us anecdotes of how he had gone across the [English] Channel when it was so rough that the passengers had to be tied into their [beds], and he and the captain were the only two living souls on board who were not ill. Sometimes it was he and the second mate who were not ill; but it was generally he and one other man. If not he and another man, then it was he by himself. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Several studies have found negligible electoral consequences for governments that impose fiscal austerity measures, yet some European governments recently suffered electorally due to their austerity programs. Evelyne Huebscher and colleagues attribute this incongruity to governments’ tendency—not followed in the recent European cases—to implement austerity programs strategically to avoid electoral costs (e.g., setting spending cuts to take effect only after the next election), which has obscured the inherent political risks of austerity measures in the election data scholars have examined. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Text 1 Graphic novels are increasingly popular in bookstores and libraries, but they shouldn’t be classified as literature. By definition, literature tells a story or conveys meaning through language only; graphic novels tell stories through illustrations and use language only sparingly, in captions and dialogue. Graphic novels are experienced as series of images and not as language, making them more similar to film than to literature. Text 2 Graphic novels present their stories through both language and images. Without captions and dialogue, readers would be unable to understand what is depicted in the illustrations: the story results from the interaction of text and image. Moreover, Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home and many other graphic novels feature text that is as beautifully written as the prose found in many standard novels. Therefore, graphic novels qualify as literary texts. Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to the overall argument presented in Text 1?

The following text is adapted from Ann Petry’s 1946 novel The Street. Lutie lives in an apartment in Harlem, New York. The glow from the sunset was making the street radiant. The street is nice in this light, [Lutie] thought. It was swarming with children who were playing ball and darting back and forth across the sidewalk in complicated games of tag. Girls were skipping double dutch rope, going tirelessly through the exact center of a pair of ropes, jumping first on one foot and then the other. ©1946 by Ann Petry Which choice best describes what is happening in the text?

Since its completion in 2014, Bosco Verticale (Vertical Forest)—a pair of residential towers in Milan, Italy, covered by vegetation—has become a striking symbol of environmental sustainability in architecture. Stefano Boeri intended his design, which features balconies that are home to hundreds of trees, to serve as a model for promoting urban biodiversity. However, the concept has faced skepticism: critics note that although the trees used in Bosco Verticale were specifically cultivated for the project, it’s too early to tell if they can thrive in this unusual setting. According to the text, why are some critics skeptical of the concept behind Bosco Verticale?

Many literary theorists distinguish between fabula, a narrative’s content, and syuzhet, a narrative’s arrangement and presentation of events. In the film The Godfather Part II, the fabula is the story of the Corleone family, and the syuzhet is the presentation of the story as it alternates between two timelines in 1901 and 1958. But literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin maintained that fabula and syuzhet are insufficient to completely describe a narrative—he held that systematic categorizations of artistic phenomena discount the subtle way in which meaning is created by interactions between the artist, the work, and the audience. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

Total Science Research Submissions by Topic, 2016-2019 350 "' s:: 300.9 n /., ·s "' "' 250 >······· V-:••••( I..0 200;:I "' 150 0 t-.. ---, Q) 100..0.,.~ ~ s J"---, 50 z;:I 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 Year ---+- cellular and molecular biology - -0 - physics and space science ···O·· medicine and health animal science A student is researching the trends in the topics submitted to a national science fair for high school students. The graph shows the number of submissions by topic that were made each year. Based on the data in the graph, the student claims that there were more medicine and health research topics submitted in 2019 than in any other year. Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to support the underlined claim?

- - -_DNA -_has_been_modified_to_include - - - - - - Fish whose genetic material from other species are known as transgenic. Some transgenic fish have genes from jellyfish that result in fluorescence (that is, they glow in the dark). Although these fish were initially engineered for research purposes in the 1990s, they were sold as pets in the 2000s and can now be found in the wild in creeks in Brazil. A student in a biology seminar who is writing a paper on these fish asserts that their escape from Brazilian fish farms into the wild may have significant negative long-term ecological effects. Which quotation from a researcher would best support the student’s assertion?

“Poetry” is a 1919 poem by Marianne Moore. The poem highlights an ambivalence toward poetry as the speaker acknowledges its merits while also expressing a sense of displeasure, writing _______ Which quotation from “Poetry” most effectively illustrates the claim?

Simulated Change in Annual Aquifer Input and Irrigation Precipitation Concentration Increases as Climate Mode% change in surfa Baseline concentration of% change in water water used for annual precipitation entering aquifers irrigation Precipitation is currently somewhat concentrated 4.9 0.4 Precipitation is currently evenly distributed 11.0 9.0 Some climate models for the western United States predict th total annual precipitation may remain unchanged from the p level, precipitation will become concentrated into fewer but m intense rain and snow events. University of Texas climate sci Geeta Persad and her colleagues simulated how the amount o entering aquifers and the amount being used for irrigation pu would change if this were to occur. Persad and her colleagues concluded that concentration of precipitation into fewer even result in a higher number of dry days, triggering more irrigat that this change in irrigation output is highly sensitive to the concentration of precipitation that currently exists in an area Which choice best describes data from the table that support and her colleagues’ conclusion?

In dialects of English spoken in Scotland, the “r” sound is strongly emphasized when it appears at the end of syllables (as in “car”) or before other consonant sounds (as in “bird”). English dialects of the Upland South, a region stretching from Oklahoma to western Virginia, place similar emphasis on “r” at the ends of syllables and before other consonant sounds. Historical records show that the Upland South was colonized largely by people whose ancestors came from Scotland. Thus, linguists have concluded that _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?

How did whales, once no^-^-^-^- bigger than seals, evolve to become the largest animals on Earth? Brazilian biologist Mariana Nery believes the answer might be found in whales’ DNA. In January 2023, Nery and her colleagues _______ a study showing changes over time in four whale genes associated with body size. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A harpsichord may look just like a piano, but the difference between the two instruments is easy to hear. When a harpsichord’s keys are pressed, the strings inside the _______ are plucked, not struck. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

When they were first introduced to western Europe from Byzantium in the eleventh century, table forks were met with much resistance. The Bishop of Ostia, St. Peter Damian, condemned the eating utensils because he considered _______ dangerous and unnecessary luxury items. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Julia Alvarez’s 1994 novel In the Time of the Butterflies, a fictionalized account of the lives of the Mirabal _______ can serve as a starting point for those wanting to explore how the rule of dictator Rafael Trujillo has been represented in Dominican American literature. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

On March 23, 2021, a gust of wind wreaked havoc on global trade. Ever Given, an international shipping container vessel, became lodged in Egypt’s Suez Canal, a major shipping route between Europe and Asia. The vessel took six days to _______ it’s as heavy as two thousand blue whales when fully loaded. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Fans of the film Moana (2016) may not know that the deep and humorous voice behind the _______ belongs to comedian, actor, and musician Jemaine Clement. The versatile performer has appeared in everything from television commercials to action movies, but voice acting, specifically, has become a notable part of his career. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In her 1983 book The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild first explored at length her conception of a “sociology of emotions”—the idea that the various cultural and ideological frameworks a person has internalized (class, gender, political affiliation, etc.) _______ each emotional reaction that person has within a situation. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

American abstract^- artist Richard _______ his installations to make passersby keenly aware of how one’s movements are affected by the physical features of one’s environment, assembles large-scale steel plates into sculptures that dominate the outdoor spaces they occupy. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1949, Frank Zamboni developed an ice rink resurfacing machine. As Zamboni’s machine moved along the rink’s surface, it first scraped off the top layer of ice. _______ it sprayed water into the deep grooves left behind by customers’ skates. Lastly, it smoothed over the newly formed ice. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In 2014, Nestor Gomez won his first-ever storytelling competition, relating a tale about his life as a Guatemalan immigrant living in Chicago. _______ in 2017, Gomez created the show 80 Minutes Around the World as a platform for others to share stories about their immigration experiences. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

To guarantee the validity of experimental results, scientists rely on precise, unchanging standards of measurement. _______ metrologists (scientists who study measurement) developed the SI, or International System of Units. The SI’s units of measurement are based on unchanging values in nature, such as the mass of an electron or the speed of light. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

In retrospect, one of the lessons of the 2003 Human Genome Project is that a gene is affected by many factors, not the least of which is its interactions with the protein products of other genes. _______ rather than just focusing on the human genome, efforts to better understand gene mutations related to disease have begun to consider the human proteome, the complete set of proteins expressed by human genes. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Iranian scholar Abu Rayhan al-Biruni studied Earth’s physical features. • He theorized that a large landmass existed west of Europe and east of Asia. • Al-Biruni published his landmass theory in 1037 CE. The student wants to specify when al-Biruni published his landmass theory. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • In astronomy, the mass of stars can be described in units called solar masses. • One solar mass is roughly equal to the mass of the Sun. • The mass of the star Proxima Centauri is 0.122 solar masses. • The mass of the star Sirius A is 2.063 solar masses. The student wants to emphasize the mass of Sirius A. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • A lever is a simple machine consisting of a rigid beam and a fulcrum. • The fulcrum is the point about which the beam pivots. • The input force (effort) is the force applied to the lever. • The output force (load) is the force that the lever exerts on another object. • In first-class levers, the fulcrum is located between the effort and the load. • In second-class levers, the load is located between the effort and the fulcrum. The student wants to contrast first-class levers and second-class levers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Earthquakes start at a point called a “focus” and spread out from there as seismic waves. • The two types of seismic waves that travel beneath Earth’s surface are primary waves (P waves) and secondary waves (S waves). • P waves travel more quickly beneath Earth’s surface than do S waves. • P waves compress and expand the ground, causing it to move backward and forward. • S waves cause the ground to move from side to side. The student wants to emphasize a similarity between P waves and S waves. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

y I - 9 I \ - 8 \ I - 7 V \ - 6 '/ - 5 v, i-,. \ - 3 \ - 2 ' -1 \ X s\ 2 -1 U 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 rg \. The graph of a system of a linear equation and a nonlinear equation is shown. What is the solution (x,y) to this system?

On the first day of a semester, a film club has 90 members. Each day after the first day of the semester, 10 new members join the film club. If no members leave the film club, how many total members will the film club have 4 days after the first day of the semester?

- y " --8 I \ --7 I \ --6 ' I --5 I \ --4 I \ --3 ' I --2 \ I --1 I \ 1u X 2 lf 1 ' 19 11 +-1,. The graph of the linear function f is shown, where y = f x. What is the y-intercept of the graph of f?

- - - - - -_27 - - - - s+7r = r = 3 What is the solution (r,s) to the given system of equations?

The table shows selected values from function f. x f(x) −1 16 0 17 1 18 2 19 Which of the following is the best description of function f?

- - y --s • I ' I \ --4 I \ --3 I \ --2 \ I --1 /\ X u 1 1 2 6 7 8 9 3/ 4' -L1 \ _lz. J • The graph of a system of linear equations is shown. The solution to the system is (x,y). What is the value of x?

23, 27, 27, 32, 35, 36, 52 What is the range of the 7 scores shown?

k m n Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the figure, line m is parallel to line n, and line k intersects both lines. Which of the following statements is true?

- - - - -_1,440 -_represents - -_the_number - ~ x+y = The equation of minutes of daylight (between sunrise and sunset), x, and the number of minutes of non-daylight, y, on a particular day in Oak Park, Illinois. If this day has 670 minutes of daylight, how many minutes of non-daylight does it have?

For a snowstorm in a certain town, the minimum rate of snowfall recorded was 0.6 inches per hour, and the maximum rate of snowfall recorded was 1.8 inches per hour. Which inequality is true for all values of s, where s represents a rate of snowfall, in inches per hour, recorded for this snowstorm? ≥ 2.4

y = 4x y = x^2 −12 (x,y) A solution to the given system of equations is, where x > 0. What is the value of x?

- -_circular -_cylinder -_has_a_base_diameter_of - - ~ A right 22 centimeters and a height of 6 centimeters. What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of the cylinder? 132π

- - - - - -_ratio -_of_coaches_to - - - At a particular track meet, the athletes is 1 to 26. If there are x coaches at the track meet, which of the following expressions represents the number of athletes at the track meet?

- - - - - - - - -_to - Kaylani used fabric measuring 5 yards in length make each suit for a men’s choir. The relationship between the number of suits that Kaylani made, x, and the total length of fabric that she purchased y, in y−5x = 6 yards, is represented by the equation. What is the best interpretation of 6 in this context?

tan What is the value of (- 92π)/3?

11 Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the triangle shown, what is the value of cos x°?

(x+4)^2 +(y−19)^2 = 121 The graph of the given equation is a circle in the xy-plane. The point (a,b) lies on the circle. Which of the following is a possible value for a?

- -_rectangular_prism_has_a_height_of - - - -_9_inches. ~ A right The length of the prism’s base is x inches, which is 7 inches more than the width of the prism’s base. Which function V gives the volume of the prism, in cubic inches, in terms of the length of the prism’s base?

Which of the following functions has(have) a −3 minimum value at? = −6 3^x −3 I. f x = −3 6^x II. g x

The result of increasing the quantity x by 400% is 60. What is the value of x?

f(x) = +bx+c The function f is defined by ax^2, where a, b, and c are constants. The graph of = f(x) y in the xy-plane passes through the points (−3,0) (7,0) and. If a is an integer greater than 1, a+b which of the following could be the value of?

The function g is defined by g(x) = x(x−2)(x+6)^2. 7−w The value of g is 0, where w is a constant. What is the sum of all possible values of w?

Argon is placed inside^-^- a container^-^-^~ with a constant volume. The graph shows the estimated pressure y, in pounds per square inch (psi), of the argon when its temperature is x kelvins. y 36 30 ~",,,,,....- i.--.... ~',,,. 6 ~,,,,,....-. () 100200300400500600700800x Temperature (kelvins) What is the estimated pressure of the argon, in psi, when the temperature is 600 kelvins?

- - - -_defined_by - - -_=_4x−3 - - ~ The function f is f x. What is 10 the value of f?

- - - - - - -_16x - - ~ 3 Which expression is equivalent to y^2 +14xy? 2xy 8xy +7

- A veterinarian recommends that each day a certain rabbit should eat 25 calories per pound of the rabbit’s weight, plus an additional 11 calories. Which equation represents this situation, where c is the total number of calories the veterinarian recommends the rabbit should eat each day if the rabbit’s weight is x pounds?

- -_=_12_, -_what_is_the_value_of_n_+4_? - - - - - - - If 6n

- - - - - - -_4_and_passes - - - Line r in the xy-plane has a slope of 0,6 through the point. Which equation defines line r?

- - y 12 - " 9 '\. \ \ 6 \ \ \ 3 \ \ \ u X 1 2 3 Time (seconds) A competitive diver dives from a platform into the water. The graph shown gives the height above the water y, in meters, of the diver x seconds after diving from the platform. What is the best interpretation of the x-intercept of the graph?

The kinetic energy, in joules, of an object with mass 9 kilograms traveling at a speed of v meters per second is given by the function K, where = K v 9/2 v^2. Which of the following is the best K 34 = 5,202 interpretation of in this context?

- - - - -_the_relationship_between - - - - ~ The scatterplot shows two variables x and y. A line of best fit for the data is also shown. y,_ 10 V 9 / 8 / 7 v • 6 V 5 Y. 4 /. 3 •v 2 -v • 1 7 X l, 12345678910 For how many of the 10 data points is the actual y-value greater than the y-value predicted by the line of best fit?

At a movie theater, there are a total of 350 customers. Each customer is located in either theater A, theater B, or theater C. If one of these customers is selected at random, the probability of selecting a customer who is located in theater A is 0.48, and the probability of selecting a customer who is located in theater B is 0.24. How many customers are located in theater C?

What is the slope of the graph of y = 1/3 29x+10 +5x in the xy-plane?

Five Eretmochelys imbricata, a type of sea turtle, each have a nest. The table shows an original data set of the number of eggs that each turtle laid in its nest. Nest Number of eggs A 149 B 144 C 148 D 136 E 139 A sixth nest with 121 eggs is added to create a new data set. Which of the following correctly compares the means of the two data sets?

- - -_measure_of - -_R_is_63°_._Which_of_the - - ~ △RST In, the S following could be the measure, in degrees, of?

Which expression is equivalent to 8x^3 +8 − −2 x^3? 8x^3 +6

If 4 2x = 16,^- what is^-^-^-^~ the value of 6x?

2x−y > 883 For which of the following tables are all the values of x and their corresponding values of y solutions to the given inequality?

5y = 10x+11 −5y = 5x−21 The solution to the given system of equations is x,y. What is the value of 30x?

A rectangle is inscribed in a circle, such that each vertex of the rectangle lies on the circumference of the circle. The diagonal of the rectangle is twice the length of the shortest side of the rectangle. The area of the rectangle is 1,089 3 square units. What is the length, in units, of the diameter of the circle?

Rectangles ABCD and EFGH are similar. The length of each side of EFGH is 6 times the length of the corresponding side of ABCD. The area of ABCD is 54 square units. What is the area, in square units, of EFGH?

+42ak Which expression is equivalent to 42a/k, where k > 0?

Which quadratic equation has no real solutions? +14x−49 = 0

6/4 t P t = 260 1.04 The function P models the population, in thousands, of a certain city t years after 2003. According to the 4% model, the population is predicted to increase by every n months. What is the value of n?

−1,1 A circle in the xy-plane has its center at. Line t is tangent to this circle at the point 5,−4. Which of the following points also lies on line t? 0,