- - - -_period_of_severe_drought_that - - - ~ The Dust Bowl was a plagued the Great Plains of the US during the 1930s. During this time, dust storms _______ over 100 million acres of land. They even reached as far east as New York City. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
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Many mechanical calculators were powered by a notched cylinder mechanism called the Leibniz wheel. Leibniz wheel calculators were popular in the first half of the twentieth _______ these ingenious devices were eventually replaced by electronic calculators. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Featuring jagged peaks of black ink surrounded by hazy swirls of blue and green paint, Zhang Daqian’s 1983 painting Panorama of Mount Luis inspired by the tradition of qinglü shanshui, a type of Chinese landscape painting _______ by the use of blue and green hues to depict ethereal, otherworldly landscapes. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Increasing the heat on an uncovered boiling pot of water does not increase the temperature of the water. What increases is the rate at which the water turns to _______ a pressure cooker pot, though, an airtight seal traps the vapor in the pot, creating pressure that allows the temperature of the water to increase past its boiling point. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Wanting to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Alaska Purchase, _______ up with a motto that best captured the state’s unique character. The commission selected “North to the Future,” submitted by Juneau journalist Richard Peter, as its winning entry. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Recently unearthed Neronian tools in France dating to 54,000 years ago and attributed to Homo sapiens may provide evidence that interactions between Neanderthals and modern humans occurred 10,000 years earlier than was previously _______ finding that, if true, would overturn current theories about H. sapiensmigration during the Upper Paleolithic. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Guard cells are specialized cells that are part of a plant’s pores. These cells help regulate the amount of carbon dioxide a plant takes in. _______ they help regulate a plant’s water loss. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Angana Chaudhuri is a scientist. • Chaudhuri studies sedimentary rocks. • A scientist who studies sedimentary rocks is called a sedimentologist. • Shale, chalk, and sandstone are examples of sedimentary rocks. The student wants to identify what type of scientist Chaudhuri is. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • “Raymond’s Run” is a short story. • It was written by African American author Toni Cade Bambara. • It was first published in her book Gorilla, My Love in 1972. • It is told from a first person perspective. • It takes place in Harlem. The student wants to indicate where the short story takes place. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
At the turn of the twentieth century, Black residents of Richmond, Virginia, had few formal options for banking and other financial services. To _______ this situation, Maggie Lena Walker chartered the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in 1903. The bank went on to provide home loans and savings opportunities to thousands of Black families over the following decades. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • The Royal Alcázar of Seville is a historic royal palace in Andalucía, Spain. • The palace is famous for its intricate tilework. • The palace features majolica and arista tiles. • In the majolica style, designs are painted directly on the ceramic tiles. • In the arista style, designs are stamped into the ceramic tiles. The student wants to contrast the two styles of tiles. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Musicians around the world have used protest songs to raise awareness about human rights violations. • US folk singer Aunt Molly Jackson released the protest song “Poor Miner’s Farewell” in 1932. • It exposed the unlivable wages and dangerous working conditions coal miners faced in Kentucky during the 1920s and 1930s. • South African singer-songwriter Hugh Masekela released the protest song “Bring Him Back Home” in 1987. • It called on the South African government to free Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid leader who’d been unjustly imprisoned. The student wants to contrast the song “Poor Miner’s Farewell” with the song “Bring Him Back Home.” Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Political scientist Graham Allison is known for his Thucydides trap theory. • Allison’s theory states that whenever “a rising power is threatening to displace a ruling power,” conflict is likely. • The theory is based on Thucydides’s explanation of the conflict between Athens and Sparta. • Thucydides wrote that “the rise of Athens and the fear this instilled in Sparta” made conflict “inevitable.” • History professor Edmund Stewart recently challenged the historical basis of the theory. • Stewart claimed that Athens was not a rising power and that the rivals experienced a “clash of cultures” instead. The student wants to use a quotation to challenge Thucydides’s explanation of the conflict between Athens and Sparta. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Researchers in a 2021 study wanted to determine the rate at which 17 languages conveyed both information and syllables. • They calculated the bits of information conveyed per second (the IR, or information rate). • The IR was found to be approximately consistent across the 17 languages (an average of 39 bits per second). • They calculated the number of syllables spoken per second (the SR, or syllable rate). • Spanish had the second-fastest SR (7.7 syllables per second). • Vietnamese had the sixteenth-fastest SR (5.3 syllables per second). The student wants to present an overview of the study’s findings. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
The results of randomized clinical trials testing the efficacy of common medical interventions sometimes fail to _______ conclusions that practitioners reach based on their real-world observations of patients. While there are several possible reasons for this, one is that practitioners may overlook confounding variables that account for the results they attribute to the interventions in question. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Diadromous fish migrate between freshwater and marine biomes during their life cycle. The migration’s obligate nature is why diadromous fish can be _______ those that are merely euryhaline (able to tolerate high salinity): the euryhaline blackchin tilapia can survive high salinity, but its life cycle does not involve relocation to a different biome, as does that of the diadromous wild salmon. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
The following text is from Joan Didion’s memoir The Year of Magical Thinking. In the text, the author discusses her home life. [I]n California we heated our houses by building fires. We built fires even (because the fog came in. Fires said we were)/(through the night.) home, we had drawn the (on summer evenings,)/(circle, we were safe) ©2005 by Joan Didion Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
The majority of plastics today wind up in landfills or are, at best, recycled into materials that have a very limited range of applications. To address this problem, chemist Guoliang Liu and colleagues designed a reactor that melts polyethylene and polypropylene—two widely used plastics—into a wax. The (a chemical compound usable as a detergent). (wax can then be transformed into a)/(With this promising new method,) plastic surfactant/(waste could) be turned into a range of useful cleaning products. Which choice best states the function of the underlined portion of the text?
The following text is from H.D.’s 1916 poem “Mid-Day.” In the poem, the speaker is on a path in an outdoor setting. A slight wind shakes the seed-pods— my thoughts are spent as the black seeds. My thoughts tear me, I dread their fever. I am scattered in its whirl. I am scattered like the hot shrivelled seeds. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
In 2023 literary scholar Jeremy Douglass cautioned technology investors and enthusiasts who predict conventional books’ ultimate displacement by newer forms of media. Douglass observed that the concept of an “interactive” text is much older than first time readers scratched notes into a text’s margins. In (technologists assume, extending back to the)/(addition, newer media, such as video games,) haven’t replaced older forms of entertainment, such as comic books, but rather exist alongside them. Douglass believes that rather than supplanting books, technology is simply making new forms of expression possible. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
Taking photographs in the mid-1800s was complicated and expensive, but this changed with the 1854 invention of the carte de visite, a small photo that cost little to make. Carte de visitephotos helped to _______photography: they made it easy and enjoyable for everyday people to have their pictures taken, and people at the time loved exchanging these small photos with friends and family. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Hevea brasiliensis, a tree in the Amazon rainforest, is the world’s main source of natural rubber. The tree produces a milky substance called latex that is used to make rubber. The bark of Hevea brasiliensisis helpful for the process of making rubber because it has a unique structure that makes it easy to collect latex. A network of tubes in the tree’s inner bark helps the latex to flow out easily when people make small cuts into the bark. What feature of Hevea brasiliensisdoes the text say is helpful for the process of making rubber?
Conservationists worldwide are working to protect ecosystems from habitat destruction and biodiversity loss, and in many cases, initiatives that rely on natural features or processes can help address such challenges. In response to a rapidly dwindling population of blueback salmon, the Quinault Indian Nation (a tribe in Washington State) partnered with the conservation organization Wild Salmon Center to restore naturally occurring logjams in the Quinault River. The logjams create shady pools where the blueback salmon can rest and spawn, thus promoting blueback population recovery. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
Percentage of Bus Shelters with Shade in a County by Areas’ Highest Average Summer Surface Temperature Highest average surface Percentage of bus stops temperature (Fahrenheit) with shaded shelter 90.2° 15% 97.7° 22% 102.7° 24% 111.2° 28% 125.6° 29% A student is researching a bus system in a large county where surface temperatures vary by area and are hot in the summer. The student claims that all areas of the county should have more bus stops with shaded shelter, noting that the highest percentage of bus stops with shaded shelter for any area is only _______ Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the student’s claim? 50%.
Total Areas and 2022 Populations of Smallest Arabian Peninsula Countries Total area Country (square miles) Population Kuwait 6,880 4,268,873 Bahrain 304 1,472,233 Qatar 4,471 2,695,122 In terms of area and population, the three smallest Arabian Peninsula countries are Bahrain, Qatar, and Kuwait. According to the table, what is the total area of Bahrain?