Janet Echelman is a sculptor and fiber artist. She has installed giant sculptures all over the world. Echelman uses which mimic the wind. However, while her sculptures delicate (bright and flowing materials,)/(as a breeze, they are actually) very durable. (appear as)/Which quotation from an article about Echelman’s sculptures, if true, would most effectively illustrate the underlined claim?
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Early Earth is thought to have been characterized by a stagnant lid tectonic regime, in which the upper lithosphere (the outer rocky layer) was essentially immobile and there was no interaction between the lithosphere and the underlying mantle. Researchers investigated the timing of the transition from a stagnant lid regime to a tectonic plate regime, in which the lithosphere is fractured into dynamic plates that in turn allow lithospheric and mantle material to mix. Examining chemical data from lithospheric and mantle-derived rocks ranging from 285 million to 3.8 billion years old, the researchers dated the transition to 3.2 billion years ago. Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers’ conclusion?
The Uto-Aztecan language family is divided into a northern branch, which includes the Shoshone language of present-day Idaho and Utah, and a southern one, whose best-known representative is Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec Empire in Mexico. Lexical similarities across the family, including of botanical terms, confirm descent from a single language spoken millennia ago, and the family’s geographical distribution suggests an origin in what is now the US Southwest. However, vocabulary pertaining to maize isn’t shared between northern and southern branches, despite the crop’s universal cultivation among Uto-Aztecan tribes. Given archaeological evidence that maize originated in Mexico and diffused northward into what became the US Southwest, some linguists reason that _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?
Data collected by the Mars rover Curiosityat the Gale Crater’s Murray Formation are suggestive of hydrological deposition of sediment in the distant past. To characterize the nature of the depositional environment, Frances Rivera-Hernández et al. analyzed the grain size of Murray Formation sediment, finding that although there are intervals of coarse grains, most of the sediment consists of fine grains that show signs of cracking due to episodic desiccation. Rivera-Hernández et al. concluded that the coarse grains are sandstone, which tends to be deposited by flowing water, whereas the fine grains are mudstone, which is slowly deposited by settling out of suspension in low-flow water, leading the researchers to posit that _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?
An analysis by Alain Elayi and colleagues of coins minted in Sidon in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE reveals a change in their composition over time: while a coin from circa 450 BCE contains about 98% 1% silver and copper, a coin from 367 BCE (the 74.2% end of Ba’alšillem II’s reign) contains silver 24.7% and copper, giving it a relatively yellowish appearance that traders would have noticed. Because 80% coins with a silver content below were widely considered unsuitable for trade, Elayi et al. speculate that a crisis in confidence in the currency occurred in Sidon around 367 BCE, which was likely relieved— despite Sidon’s persistent oppressive financial obligations—as a result of Ba’alšillem II’s successor Abd’aštart I’s decision to _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?
Nowadays, tug-of-war is usually seen as an informal game one might play at a picnic or in gym class. Surprisingly, the Olympic committee once decided _______tug-of-war as an official Olympic event! Nations competed in the event at the Olympic Games from 1900 to 1920. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
- - - -_Thomas_was_fascinated_by_the - - - - - ~ Painter Alma W. colors and shapes found in nature. The flowers and trees in the garden at her home in Washington, DC, _______her work. For example, Thomas’s use of broken brushstrokes was inspired by the way that light would shine through the leaves of a tree in front of her house. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
The Globe Theatre in London is a reconstruction of the famed venue where many of Shakespeare’s plays were first performed. In 1613, a prop cannon _______during a performance and ignited the Globe’s thatched roof. No one was hurt, but in two hours the original Globe was gone. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Nigerian American artist Toyin Ojih Odutola uses black-ink pens to create highly detailed drawings of human figures. Her portrait of novelist Zadie _______is displayed in the National Portrait Gallery in London. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
When a given industry—water and electricity are two well-known examples—carries high infrastructural start-up costs and other barriers that discourage competition, _______of just one or two suppliers per municipality. Such industries are known as natural monopolies. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
As the fourteenth US librarian of Congress, Carla Hayden has many responsibilities. These include overseeing the Library of Congress’s collections, which boast more than 162 million _______the US Copyright Office, which registers copyright claims and advises Congress on copyright law; and appointing the US poet laureate. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Digital artist Jung (Lulu) Chen primarily uses a suite of software tools to create illustrations for children’s books. To manifest the warm and welcoming atmospheres that are a signature of her _______she occasionally relies on more traditional art techniques, such as painting with watercolors. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Chondrites are stony meteorites that are undifferentiated—that is, their contents have not melted and separated into distinct layers. They are hardly _______many chondrites experience aqueous alteration as a result of exposure to fluids, as well as fracturing, veining, and localized melting due to collisions with other objects. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
That the geographic center of North America lay in the state of North Dakota was conceded by all _______establishing its precise coordinates proved more divisive. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Famous for its four-degree tilt, the leaning Garisenda Tower is a popular attraction in Bologna’s city center. However, measurements taken in 2023 showed that the tower was rotating in a concerning way. _______city officials closed the area around the tower so experts could explore solutions to stabilize the historical twelfth-century structure. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
In 2021, a model developed by astrophysicist Catherine Zucker and her research team revealed that the same supernovas responsible for the creation and ongoing expansion of the Local Bubble—a 14-million-year-old cavity in the Milky Way—are likely responsible for the formation of new stars. _______this model detailed how the bubble’s expansion trapped interstellar clouds of gas and dust that became stars upon their eventual collapse. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
Following the American Revolutionary War, North American foodways underwent a radical transformation, fueled in large part by spiking consumer demand for certain grains. The cultivation, trade, and transportation of maize and wheat, _______reconfigured the continent’s existing regional foodways into a globally oriented food system. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
In the 1990s, conservationists began planting more than 500,000 native trees in the habitat of the Azores bullfinch to boost the bird’s numbers. This approach was apparently _______: the Azores bullfinch’s population size increased from as few as 100 birds at the end of the 1980s to around 1,300 in 2023. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
When, in 2017, Cambridge University students Lucy Moss and Toby Marlow decided they wanted to develop a musical together, one of their goals was for their female actor friends to have good parts to play. _______they created the show Six, a retelling of the history of King Henry VIII’s wives in which each of the six queens has a starring role. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
Mountain climbing routes that incorporate metal rungs and cables are known as via ferratas, from the Italian phrase for “iron path.” As climbing these routes has shifted from a mode of travel to a sporting activity, modern via ferratas are rarely designed to simply reach a summit. _______new routes favor recreation over utility, aiming to provide a challenging climb or showcase dramatic scenery. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Samuel Delany is a US writer known for his science fiction. • Delany’s science fiction novel Babel-17was published in 1966. • The novel won a Nebula Award in 1967. • The Nebula Awards are given each year to the best works of science fiction published in the US. The student wants to indicate the title of a novel that won a Nebula Award. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Chiura Obata was a Japanese American artist who lived in California. • Yosemite Fallsis a notable painting by Obata. • It uses a Japanese method of black ink painting called sumi-e. • This painting was completed in 1930. The student wants to indicate the year Yosemite Falls was completed. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
The recently observed gamma ray burst GRB 230307A lasted for 200 seconds, _______for a burst generated by the merger of neutron stars. Bursts caused by neutron mergers typically last fewer than 2 seconds. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
In 1776, the United States sent Benjamin Franklin to France to try to win the country’s support in the United States’ fight for independence from Great Britain. Franklin was very popular in France. This _______surely helped him to convince France to assist the United States. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
In the 1950s, the time believed that the ocean (scientists didn’t know much about the)/(floor was mostly flat. But geologist) (ocean floor. Many scientists at)/(Marie Tharp and her research) partner, Bruce Heezen, proved that this idea was wrong. Using sonar data collected from the Atlantic Ocean, Tharp and Heezen showed that the floor was filled with canyons, mountains, and valleys. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?