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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Iranian scholar Abu Rayhan al-Biruni studied Earth’s physical features. • He theorized that a large landmass existed west of Europe and east of Asia. • Al-Biruni published his landmass theory in 1037 CE. The student wants to specify when al-Biruni published his landmass theory. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • In astronomy, the mass of stars can be described in units called solar masses. • One solar mass is roughly equal to the mass of the Sun. • The mass of the star Proxima Centauri is 0.122 solar masses. • The mass of the star Sirius A is 2.063 solar masses. The student wants to emphasize the mass of Sirius A. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • A lever is a simple machine consisting of a rigid beam and a fulcrum. • The fulcrum is the point about which the beam pivots. • The input force (effort) is the force applied to the lever. • The output force (load) is the force that the lever exerts on another object. • In first-class levers, the fulcrum is located between the effort and the load. • In second-class levers, the load is located between the effort and the fulcrum. The student wants to contrast first-class levers and second-class levers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Earthquakes start at a point called a “focus” and spread out from there as seismic waves. • The two types of seismic waves that travel beneath Earth’s surface are primary waves (P waves) and secondary waves (S waves). • P waves travel more quickly beneath Earth’s surface than do S waves. • P waves compress and expand the ground, causing it to move backward and forward. • S waves cause the ground to move from side to side. The student wants to emphasize a similarity between P waves and S waves. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

The War of 1812 has _______ place in historical memory in Britain, partly because it is overshadowed by the much larger concurrent conflict against Napoleonic France and partly because it essentially maintained the geopolitical status quo for Britain: the country neither gained nor lost significant territory or position as a result of its participation in the war. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

Claims about the original significance of Minoan bull-leaping rituals—depicted in paintings and sculptures from the second millennium BCE—are difficult to successfully _______. We know so little about the people archaeologists call the Minoans that assertions about what bull-leaping meant to them will almost inevitably rely on significant speculation and guesswork. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

The following text is adapted from Jerome K. Jerome’s 1889 novel Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog). The narrator is traveling by boat with Harris and another friend. [Harris] told us anecdotes of how he had gone across the [English] Channel when it was so rough that the passengers had to be tied into their [beds], and he and the captain were the only two living souls on board who were not ill. Sometimes it was he and the second mate who were not ill; but it was generally he and one other man. If not he and another man, then it was he by himself. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Several studies have found negligible electoral consequences for governments that impose fiscal austerity measures, yet some European governments recently suffered electorally due to their austerity programs. Evelyne Huebscher and colleagues attribute this incongruity to governments’ tendency—not followed in the recent European cases—to implement austerity programs strategically to avoid electoral costs (e.g., setting spending cuts to take effect only after the next election), which has obscured the inherent political risks of austerity measures in the election data scholars have examined. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

Text 1 Graphic novels are increasingly popular in bookstores and libraries, but they shouldn’t be classified as literature. By definition, literature tells a story or conveys meaning through language only; graphic novels tell stories through illustrations and use language only sparingly, in captions and dialogue. Graphic novels are experienced as series of images and not as language, making them more similar to film than to literature. Text 2 Graphic novels present their stories through both language and images. Without captions and dialogue, readers would be unable to understand what is depicted in the illustrations: the story results from the interaction of text and image. Moreover, Alison Bechdel’s Fun Home and many other graphic novels feature text that is as beautifully written as the prose found in many standard novels. Therefore, graphic novels qualify as literary texts. Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to the overall argument presented in Text 1?

The following text is adapted from Ann Petry’s 1946 novel The Street. Lutie lives in an apartment in Harlem, New York. The glow from the sunset was making the street radiant. The street is nice in this light, [Lutie] thought. It was swarming with children who were playing ball and darting back and forth across the sidewalk in complicated games of tag. Girls were skipping double dutch rope, going tirelessly through the exact center of a pair of ropes, jumping first on one foot and then the other. ©1946 by Ann Petry Which choice best describes what is happening in the text?

y I - 9 I \ - 8 \ I - 7 V \ - 6 '/ - 5 v, i-,. \ - 3 \ - 2 ' -1 \ X s\ 2 -1 U 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 rg \. The graph of a system of a linear equation and a nonlinear equation is shown. What is the solution (x,y) to this system?

For a snowstorm in a certain town, the minimum rate of snowfall recorded was 0.6 inches per hour, and the maximum rate of snowfall recorded was 1.8 inches per hour. Which inequality is true for all values of s, where s represents a rate of snowfall, in inches per hour, recorded for this snowstorm? ≥ 2.4

y = 4x y = x^2 −12 (x,y) A solution to the given system of equations is, where x > 0. What is the value of x?

- -_circular -_cylinder -_has_a_base_diameter_of - - ~ A right 22 centimeters and a height of 6 centimeters. What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of the cylinder? 132π

- - - - - -_ratio -_of_coaches_to - - - At a particular track meet, the athletes is 1 to 26. If there are x coaches at the track meet, which of the following expressions represents the number of athletes at the track meet?

- - - - - - - - -_to - Kaylani used fabric measuring 5 yards in length make each suit for a men’s choir. The relationship between the number of suits that Kaylani made, x, and the total length of fabric that she purchased y, in y−5x = 6 yards, is represented by the equation. What is the best interpretation of 6 in this context?

tan What is the value of (- 92π)/3?

On the first day of a semester, a film club has 90 members. Each day after the first day of the semester, 10 new members join the film club. If no members leave the film club, how many total members will the film club have 4 days after the first day of the semester?

11 Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the triangle shown, what is the value of cos x°?

(x+4)^2 +(y−19)^2 = 121 The graph of the given equation is a circle in the xy-plane. The point (a,b) lies on the circle. Which of the following is a possible value for a?

- -_rectangular_prism_has_a_height_of - - - -_9_inches. ~ A right The length of the prism’s base is x inches, which is 7 inches more than the width of the prism’s base. Which function V gives the volume of the prism, in cubic inches, in terms of the length of the prism’s base?

Which of the following functions has(have) a −3 minimum value at? = −6 3^x −3 I. f x = −3 6^x II. g x

The result of increasing the quantity x by 400% is 60. What is the value of x?

f(x) = +bx+c The function f is defined by ax^2, where a, b, and c are constants. The graph of = f(x) y in the xy-plane passes through the points (−3,0) (7,0) and. If a is an integer greater than 1, a+b which of the following could be the value of?

The function g is defined by g(x) = x(x−2)(x+6)^2. 7−w The value of g is 0, where w is a constant. What is the sum of all possible values of w?