In the late 1800s, Spanish-language newspapers flourished in cities across Texas. San Antonio alone produced eleven newspapers in Spanish between 1890 and 1900. But El Paso surpassed all other cities in the state. This city produced twenty-two newspapers in Spanish during that period. El Paso is located on the border with Mexico and has always had a large population of Spanish speakers. Thus, it is unsurprising that this city became such a rich site for Spanish-language journalism. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
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Chile’s Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on Earth. Mary Beth Wilhelm and other astrobiologists search for life, or its remains, in this harsh place because the desert closely mirrors the extreme environment on Mars. The algae and bacteria found in Atacama’s driest regions may offer clues about Martian life. By studying how these and other microorganisms survive such extreme conditions on Earth, Wilhelm’s team hopes to determine whether similar life might have existed on Mars and to develop the best tools to look for evidence of it. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
More than 60% of journeys in Mexico City occur via public transit, but simply reproducing a feature of the city’s transit system—e.g., its low fares—is unlikely to induce a significant increase in another city’s transit ridership. As Erick Guerra et al. have shown, transportation mode choice in urban areas of Mexico is the product of a complex mix of factors, including population density, the spatial distribution of jobs, and demographic characteristics of individuals. System features do affect ridership, of course, but there is an irreducibly contextual dimension of transportation mode choice. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
The following text is adapted from Elizabeth von Arnim’s 1922 novel The Enchanted April. Mrs. Wilkins and her friend Rose are traveling in Italy. “I’m going to have one of these gorgeous oranges,” staying where she was and reaching across to a black bowl piled with them. (said Mrs. Wilkins,)/(“Rose, how can) you resist them. Look—have this one. Do have this beauty—” And she held out a big one. As used in the text, what does the phrase “reaching across to” most nearly mean?
Since its completion in 2014, Bosco Verticale (Vertical Forest)—a pair of residential towers in Milan, Italy, covered by vegetation—has become a striking symbol of environmental sustainability in architecture. Stefano Boeri intended his design, which features balconies that are home to hundreds of trees, to serve as a model for promoting urban biodiversity. However, the concept has faced skepticism: critics note that although the trees used in Bosco Verticale were specifically cultivated for the project, it’s too early to tell if they can thrive in this unusual setting. According to the text, why are some critics skeptical of the concept behind Bosco Verticale?
Many literary theorists distinguish between fabula, a narrative’s content, and syuzhet, a narrative’s arrangement and presentation of events. In the film The Godfather Part II, the fabula is the story of the Corleone family, and the syuzhet is the presentation of the story as it alternates between two timelines in 1901 and 1958. But literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin maintained that fabula and syuzhet are insufficient to completely describe a narrative—he held that systematic categorizations of artistic phenomena discount the subtle way in which meaning is created by interactions between the artist, the work, and the audience. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
Total Science Research Submissions by Topic, 2016-2019 350 "' s:: 300.9 n /., ·s "' "' 250 >······· V-:••••( I..0 200;:I "' 150 0 t-.. ---, Q) 100..0.,.~ ~ s J"---, 50 z;:I 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 Year ---+- cellular and molecular biology - -0 - physics and space science ···O·· medicine and health animal science A student is researching the trends in the topics submitted to a national science fair for high school students. The graph shows the number of submissions by topic that were made each year. Based on the data in the graph, the student claims that there were more medicine and health research topics submitted in 2019 than in any other year. Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to support the underlined claim?
- - -_DNA -_has_been_modified_to_include - - - - - - Fish whose genetic material from other species are known as transgenic. Some transgenic fish have genes from jellyfish that result in fluorescence (that is, they glow in the dark). Although these fish were initially engineered for research purposes in the 1990s, they were sold as pets in the 2000s and can now be found in the wild in creeks in Brazil. A student in a biology seminar who is writing a paper on these fish asserts that their escape from Brazilian fish farms into the wild may have significant negative long-term ecological effects. Which quotation from a researcher would best support the student’s assertion?
“Poetry” is a 1919 poem by Marianne Moore. The poem highlights an ambivalence toward poetry as the speaker acknowledges its merits while also expressing a sense of displeasure, writing _______ Which quotation from “Poetry” most effectively illustrates the claim?
Simulated Change in Annual Aquifer Input and Irrigation Precipitation Concentration Increases as Climate Mode% change in surfa Baseline concentration of% change in water water used for annual precipitation entering aquifers irrigation Precipitation is currently somewhat concentrated 4.9 0.4 Precipitation is currently evenly distributed 11.0 9.0 Some climate models for the western United States predict th total annual precipitation may remain unchanged from the p level, precipitation will become concentrated into fewer but m intense rain and snow events. University of Texas climate sci Geeta Persad and her colleagues simulated how the amount o entering aquifers and the amount being used for irrigation pu would change if this were to occur. Persad and her colleagues concluded that concentration of precipitation into fewer even result in a higher number of dry days, triggering more irrigat that this change in irrigation output is highly sensitive to the concentration of precipitation that currently exists in an area Which choice best describes data from the table that support and her colleagues’ conclusion?
In dialects of English spoken in Scotland, the “r” sound is strongly emphasized when it appears at the end of syllables (as in “car”) or before other consonant sounds (as in “bird”). English dialects of the Upland South, a region stretching from Oklahoma to western Virginia, place similar emphasis on “r” at the ends of syllables and before other consonant sounds. Historical records show that the Upland South was colonized largely by people whose ancestors came from Scotland. Thus, linguists have concluded that _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?
How did whales, once no^-^-^-^- bigger than seals, evolve to become the largest animals on Earth? Brazilian biologist Mariana Nery believes the answer might be found in whales’ DNA. In January 2023, Nery and her colleagues _______ a study showing changes over time in four whale genes associated with body size. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A harpsichord may look just like a piano, but the difference between the two instruments is easy to hear. When a harpsichord’s keys are pressed, the strings inside the _______ are plucked, not struck. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A team of paleontologists has found a rich fossil deposit near Gulgong, Australia. The fossils are so well preserved that the team has been able to _______ detailed information about the life forms that left them behind, such as color patterns and how they interacted with other species. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
When they were first introduced to western Europe from Byzantium in the eleventh century, table forks were met with much resistance. The Bishop of Ostia, St. Peter Damian, condemned the eating utensils because he considered _______ dangerous and unnecessary luxury items. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Julia Alvarez’s 1994 novel In the Time of the Butterflies, a fictionalized account of the lives of the Mirabal _______ can serve as a starting point for those wanting to explore how the rule of dictator Rafael Trujillo has been represented in Dominican American literature. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
On March 23, 2021, a gust of wind wreaked havoc on global trade. Ever Given, an international shipping container vessel, became lodged in Egypt’s Suez Canal, a major shipping route between Europe and Asia. The vessel took six days to _______ it’s as heavy as two thousand blue whales when fully loaded. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Fans of the film Moana (2016) may not know that the deep and humorous voice behind the _______ belongs to comedian, actor, and musician Jemaine Clement. The versatile performer has appeared in everything from television commercials to action movies, but voice acting, specifically, has become a notable part of his career. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
In her 1983 book The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild first explored at length her conception of a “sociology of emotions”—the idea that the various cultural and ideological frameworks a person has internalized (class, gender, political affiliation, etc.) _______ each emotional reaction that person has within a situation. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
American abstract^- artist Richard _______ his installations to make passersby keenly aware of how one’s movements are affected by the physical features of one’s environment, assembles large-scale steel plates into sculptures that dominate the outdoor spaces they occupy. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
In 1949, Frank Zamboni developed an ice rink resurfacing machine. As Zamboni’s machine moved along the rink’s surface, it first scraped off the top layer of ice. _______ it sprayed water into the deep grooves left behind by customers’ skates. Lastly, it smoothed over the newly formed ice. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
In 2014, Nestor Gomez won his first-ever storytelling competition, relating a tale about his life as a Guatemalan immigrant living in Chicago. _______ in 2017, Gomez created the show 80 Minutes Around the World as a platform for others to share stories about their immigration experiences. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
To guarantee the validity of experimental results, scientists rely on precise, unchanging standards of measurement. _______ metrologists (scientists who study measurement) developed the SI, or International System of Units. The SI’s units of measurement are based on unchanging values in nature, such as the mass of an electron or the speed of light. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
In retrospect, one of the lessons of the 2003 Human Genome Project is that a gene is affected by many factors, not the least of which is its interactions with the protein products of other genes. _______ rather than just focusing on the human genome, efforts to better understand gene mutations related to disease have begun to consider the human proteome, the complete set of proteins expressed by human genes. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
According to a team of neuroeconomists from the University of Zurich, ease of decision making may be linked to communication between two brain regions, the prefrontal cortex and the parietal cortex. Individuals tend to be more decisive if the information flow between the regions is intensified, whereas they make choices more slowly when information flow is _______. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?