Neuroscientist Karen Konkoly wanted to determine whether individuals can understand and respond to questions during REM sleep. She first taught volunteers eye movements they would use to respond to basic math problems while asleep (a single left-right eye movement indicated the number one). _______ she attached electrodes to the volunteers’ faces to record their eye movements during sleep. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
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In his 1925 book The Morphology of Landscape, US geographer Carl Sauer challenged prevailing views about how natural landscapes influence human cultures. _______ Sauer argued that instead of being shaped entirely by their natural surroundings, cultures play an active role in their own development by virtue of their interactions with the environment. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
In her 2012 analysis of tree rings from Japan’s Yaku Island, cosmic ray physicist Fusa Miyake noted an anomalous carbon-14 spike dating to 774–775 CE, indicating that a massive burst of radiation reached Earth during that time. _______ this unprecedented radiocarbon surge was dubbed a “Miyake event” in honor of its discoverer. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
The province of Xoconochco was situated on the Pacific coast, hundreds of kilometers southeast of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. Because Xoconochco’s location within the empire was so _______, cacao and other trade goods produced there could reach the capital only after a long overland journey. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Researchers Helena Mihaljević-Brandt, Lucía Santamaría, and Marco Tullney report that while mathematicians may have traditionally worked alone, evidence points to a shift in the opposite direction. _______mathematicians are choosing to collaborate with their peers—a trend illustrated by a rise in the number of mathematics publications credited to multiple authors. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Shaun Tan is an Australian author. • In 2008, he published Tales from Outer Suburbia, a book of fifteen short stories. • The stories describe surreal events occurring in otherwise ordinary suburban neighborhoods. • In 2018, he published Tales from the Inner City, a book of twenty-five short stories. • The stories describe surreal events occurring in otherwise ordinary urban settings. The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two books by Shaun Tan. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Started in 1925, the Scripps National Spelling Bee is a US-based spelling competition. • The words used in the competition have diverse linguistic origins. • In 2008, Sameer Mishra won by correctly spelling the word “guerdon.” • “Guerdon” derives from the Anglo-French word “guerdun.” • In 2009, Kavya Shivashankar won by correctly spelling the word “Laodicean.” • “Laodicean” derives from the ancient Greek word “Laodíkeia.” The student wants to emphasize a difference in the origins of the two words. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • In 1851, German American artist Emanuel Leutze painted Washington Crossing the Delaware. • His huge painting (149 × 255 inches) depicts the first US president crossing a river with soldiers in the Revolutionary War. • In 2019, Cree artist Kent Monkman painted mistikôsiwak (Wooden Boat People): Resurgence of the People. • Monkman’s huge painting (132 × 264 inches) was inspired by Leutze’s. • It portrays Indigenous people in a boat rescuing refugees. The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two paintings. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
Proposals to raise the age at which retirees begin receiving government transfers of funds are generally discussed in terms of the effects on transfer recipients, but Andria Smythe has argued that delaying such transfers could _______ wealth creation among working adults by lengthening the period in which they are providing financial support to their nonworking parents. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Political blogs with conspicuous ideological alignments became an integral component of US media in the early 2000s. While some commentators lauded this development, asserting that such blogs had a welcome transparency missing from traditional news, less _______ observers countered that such blogs tended to ideological extremes that exacerbated political polarization to problematic levels. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
The following text is adapted from Pam Muñoz Ryan’s 2020 novel Mañanaland. In the village where Max lives, there is an old fortress called La Reina. Children in the village say that the fortress is haunted. For as long as he could remember, Max had begged Papá [his father] to take him to see La Reina and the ruins up close. He’d be a hero among his friends if he was the first boy to cross the haunted gates! Just because Papá didn’t believe in ghosts didn’t mean they weren’t there. Maybe this summer Papá would finally take him. He wasalmost twelve. ©2020 by Pam Muñoz Ryan Which choice best describes the overall purpose of the text?
The following text is adapted from George Bernard Shaw’s 1912 play Pygmalion. Henry Higgins has just arrived at the house of his mother (Mrs. Higgins). She is expecting her friends to visit soon. MRS. HIGGINS: I’m serious, Henry. You offend all my friends: they stop coming whenever they meet you. HIGGINS: Nonsense! I know I have no small talk; but people don’t mind. MRS. HIGGINS: Oh! don’t they? Small talk indeed! What about your large talk? Really, dear, you mustn’t stay. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
The following text is from Charlotte Forten Grimké’s 1888 poem “At Newport.” Oh, deep delight to watch the gladsome waves (Ever repulsed, yet ever rushing on—)/(To see the glorious hues of sky and sea.) (Exultant leap upon the rugged rocks;)/(Filled with a life that will not know) defeat; The distant snowy sails, glide spirit like, Into an unknown world, to feel the sweet Enchantment of the sea thrill all the soul, Clearing the clouded brain, making the heart Leap joyous as it own bright, singing waves! Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the text as a whole?
Believing that living in an impractical space can heighten awareness and even improve health, conceptual artists Madeline Gins and Shusaku Arakawa designed an apartment building in Japan to be more fanciful than functional. A kitchen counter is chest-high on one side and knee-high on the other; a ceiling has a door to nowhere. The effect is disorienting but invigorating: after four years there, filmmaker Nobu Yamaoka reported significant health benefits. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
- - - - - - -_of_cars_for_sale_at_a - - ~ The line graph shows the percent used car lot on a given day by model year. 15% - - ' ' "' '"' ' \. I ~ ' I ' I ~ 5% r::: Q) I:! Q) 11.. Model year For what model year is the percent of cars for sale the smallest?
If 4x+2 = 12, what is the value of 16x+8?
4 Which expression is equivalent^- to ( m q^4 z^−1)( mq^5 z^3), where m, q, and z are positive? 4
An airplane descends from an altitude of 9,500 feet to 5,000 feet at a constant rate of 400 feet per minute. What type of function best models the relationship between the descending airplane’s altitude and time?
3x+6 = 4y 3x+4 = 2y The solution to the given system of equations is (x,y). What is the value of y?
= 6w^2 The function f ( w) gives the area of a rectangle, in square feet (ft^2), if its width is w ft and its length is 6 times its width. Which of the following is the best interpretation of f ( 14) = 1,176?
The number of bacteria in a liquid medium doubles every day. There are 44,000 bacteria in the liquid medium at the start of an observation. Which of the following represents the number of bacteria, y, in the liquid medium t days after the start of the observation?
x h(x) 0 1.23 2 1.54 4 1.94 The table shows the exponential relationship between the number of years, x, since Hana started training in pole vault, and the estimated height h(x), in meters, of her best pole vault for that year. Which of the following functions best represents this relationship, where x ≤ 4? () = 1.12 ( 0.23)^x
= 4x+28 The function h is defined by h(x). The = graph of y h(x) in the xy-plane has an x-intercept at (a,0) and a y-intercept at (0,b), where a and b are constants. What is the value of a+b?
y < 5x+6 For which of the following tables are all the values of xand their corresponding values of ysolutions to the given inequality?
y ' 6 ~ ~ i \ 2 r,..... ' 1 I" \ u X 6-5-4-3,.._1 3 4 5 6 ~ ·1 1 ' \ r-.. ' 13 ' \ 14 ~ 15 ~!6 ~ ~ The graph of a system of linear equations is shown. (x,y) What is the solution to the system?