While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • The Gullah are a group of African Americans who have lived in parts of the southeastern United States since the 18th century. • Gullah culture is influenced by West African and Central African traditions. • Louise Miller Cohen is a Gullah historian, storyteller, and preservationist. • She founded the Gullah Museum of Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, in 2003. • Vermelle Rodrigues is a Gullah historian, artist, and preservationist. • She founded the Gullah Museum of Georgetown, South Carolina, in 2003. The student wants to emphasize the duration and purpose of Cohen’s and Rodrigues’s work. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
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The parasitic dodder plant increases its reproductive success by flowering at the same time as the host plant it has latched onto. In 2020, Jianqiang Wu and his colleagues determined that the tiny dodder achieves this _______with its host by absorbing and utilizing a protein the host produces when it is about to flower. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Barring major archaeological discoveries, we are unlikely to ever have _______account of ancient Egypt under the female pharaoh Hatshepsut, as much of the evidence of her reign was deliberately destroyed by her successors. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Jazz tap is a dance form that was first developed in African American communities. Jazz tap was heavily influenced by jazz music, which became widely popular in the United States in the 1920s. Tap dancers were inspired by jazz music’s quick rhythms and by the way jazz musicians would make up melodies as they played. As jazz music continued to develop in the 1930s and 1940s, jazz tap evolved with it. Because of jazz music’s influence, jazz tap quickly developed into a dance form that was very different from earlier kinds of tap dance. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
The north celestial pole (NCP)—the fixed point around which stars in the Northern Hemisphere (including the Sun) appear to rotate—is discernible only at night. Inspired by the navigational strategies of some insects and birds, researchers devised a method for locating the NCP in daytime using skylight polarization, which occurs as atmospheric particles scatter sunlight. A polarimetric camera captures images of polarization patterns, which rotate as the Sun’s position in the sky changes; temporal variances across images can then be used to determine an observer’s latitude and bearing relative to the NCP. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
The following text is adapted from Zora Neale Hurston’s 1921 short story “John Redding Goes to Sea.” John is a child who lives in a town in the woods. Perhaps ten-year-old John was puzzling to the folk there in the Florida woods for he was an imaginative child and fond of day-dreams. The St. John River flowed a scarce three hundred feet from his back door. On its banks at this point grow numerous palms, luxuriant magnolias and bay trees. On the bosom of the stream (float millions of delicately colored hyacinths.)/(water’s edge, and, casting in dry twigs, watch) [John Redding] loved to wander down to the the (them sail away down stream to Jacksonville,)/them. sea, the wide world and [he] wanted to follow Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
Astronomers are confident that the star Betelgeuse will eventually consume all the helium in its core and explode in a supernova. They are much less (confident, however, about when this will happen,)/(Betelgeuse that are largely unknown. Astrophysicist) characteristics of (since that depends on internal)/(Sarafina El-Badry Nance and colleagues) recently investigated whether acoustic waves in the star could be used to determine internal stellar states but concluded that this method could not sufficiently reveal Betelgeuse’s internal characteristics to allow its evolutionary state to be firmly fixed. Which choice best describes the function of the second sentence in the overall structure of the text?
- - - - -_Cherokee_scholar_Sequoyah - - - - ~ In the early 1800s, the created the first script, or writing system, for an Indigenous language in the United States. Because it represented the sounds of spoken Cherokee so accurately, his script was easy to learn and thus quickly achieved _______use: by 1830, over 90 percent of the Cherokee people could read and write it. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
The following text is adapted from Lewis Carroll’s 1889 satirical novel Sylvie and Bruno. A crowd has gathered outside a room belonging to the Warden, an official who reports to the Lord Chancellor. One man, who was more excited than the rest, flung his hat high into the air, and shouted (as well as I could make out) “Who roar for the Sub-Warden?” Everybody roared, but whether it was for the Sub-Warden, or not, did not clearly appear: some were shouting “Bread!” and some “Taxes!”, but no one seemed to know what it was they really wanted. All this I saw from the open window of the Warden’s breakfast-saloon, looking across the shoulder of the Lord Chancellor. “What can it all mean?” he kept repeating to himself. “I never heard such shouting before—and at this time of the morning, too! And with such unanimity!” Based on the text, how does the Lord Chancellor respond to the crowd?
Top Four Species of Wild Land Mammals by Global Biomass 3.0 -,------------- VJ Q j 2.5 -+-----------, 1:;:l"v, E § 2.0 +-----------, VJ.., ~ 1 5 -+---------; S b • 0 QJ S 10..0 <.+-. •,;l 0 -8 0.5 G I□ species Global biomass is the total mass of living material, such as animals and plants, on Earth. A team of scientists estimated the global biomass, by species, of various wild land mammals. The team found that the species with the highest global biomass is the _______ Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the sentence?
Number and Origin of Clamshell Tools Foun Levels Below the Surface in Neanderth Depth of tools found below Clamshells that Neanderthals surface in cave (meters) collected from the beach 3–4 99 6–7 1 4–5 2 2–3 7 5–6 18 Studying tools unearthed at a cave site on the western co archaeologist Paola Villa and colleagues have determine prehistoric Neanderthal groups fashioned them from sh that they harvested from the seafloor while wading or di washed up on the beach. Clamshells become thin and er wash up on the beach, while those on the seafloor are sm sturdy, so the research team suspects that Neanderthals made with seafloor shells. However, the team also conclu tools were likely more challenging to obtain, noting that Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to research team’s conclusion?
Employment by Sector in France and the United Stat (% of total employment) Agriculture Manufacturing Services Agriculture Year in France in France in France in US 1800 64 22 14 68 1900 43 29 28 41 1950 32 33 35 14 2012 3 21 76 2 Rows in table may not add up to 100 due to rounding. Over the past two hundred years, the percentage of the p employed in the agricultural sector has declined in both United States, while employment in the service sector (w jobs in retail, consulting, real estate, etc.) has risen. How transition happened at very different rates in the two cou can be seen most clearly by comparing the employment both countries in _______ Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to statement?
The linguistic niche hypothesis (LNH) posits that the exotericity of languages (how prevalent non-native speakers are) and grammatical complexity are inversely related, which the LNH ascribes to attrition of complex grammatical rules as more non-native speakers adopt the language but fail to acquire those rules. Focusing on two characteristics that are positive indices of grammatical complexity, fusion (when new phonemes arise from the merger of previously distinct ones) and informativity (languages’ capacity for meaningful variation), Olena Shcherbakova and colleagues conducted a quantitative analysis for more than 1,300 languages and claim the outcome is inconsistent with the LNH. Which finding, if true, would most directly support Shcherbakova and colleagues’ claim?
Archaeologist Christiana Kohler and her team excavated the Egyptian tomb of Queen Merneith, the wife of a First Dynasty pharaoh. Some scholars claim that she also ruled Egypt on her own and was actually the first female pharaoh. The team found a tablet in Merneith’s tomb with writing suggesting that she was in charge of the country’s treasury and other central offices. Whether Merneith was a pharaoh or not, this discovery supports the idea that Merneith likely _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?
In a study of the cognitive abilities of white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator), researchers neglected to control for the physical difficulty of the tasks they used to evaluate the monkeys. The cognitive abilities of monkeys given problems requiring little dexterity, such as sliding a panel to retrieve food, were judged by the same criteria as were those of monkeys given physically demanding problems, such as unscrewing a bottle and inserting a straw. The results of the study, therefore, ______ Which choice most logically completes the text?
Public-awareness campaigns about the need to reduce single-use plastics can be successful, says researcher Kim Borg of Monash University in Australia, when these campaigns give consumers a choice: for example, Japan achieved a 40 percent reduction in plastic-bag use after cashiers were instructed to ask customers whether _______ wanted a bag. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Lucía Michel of the University of^-^-^- Chile observed that alkaline soils contain an insoluble form of iron that blueberry plants cannot absorb, thus inhibiting blueberry growth. If these plants were grown in alkaline soil alongside grasses that aid in iron solubilization, _______Michel was determined to find out. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
- - - - - - - -_specific - ~ Researchers have struggled to pinpoint causes for hiccups, which happen when a person’s diaphragm contracts _______. However, neuroscientist Kimberley Whitehead has found that these uncontrollable contractions may play an important role in helping infants regulate their breathing. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
Atoms in a synchrotron, a type of circular particle accelerator, travel faster and faster until they ______ a desired energy level, at which point they are diverted to collide with a target, smashing the atoms. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
In his 1963 exhibition Exposition of Music— Electronic Television, Korean American artist Nam June Paik showed how television images could be manipulated to express an artist’s perspective. Today, Paik _______considered the first video artist. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Former First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt and Indian activist and educator Hansa Mehta were instrumental in drafting the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a document that ______ the basic freedoms to which all people are entitled. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
In February 1919, following the end of the First World War, women from ten countries around the world convened the Inter-Allied Women’s Conference in Paris. The conference’s goals were _______ ensure women’s participation in the proceedings of the Paris Peace Conference, to secure the right of women to serve in the League of Nations, and to advocate for human rights. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Mathematician Grigori Perelman, sometimes in conjunction with mathematicians Richard S. Hamilton and Shing-Tung Yau, _______ credited with proving the Poincaré conjecture. Having built on Hamilton’s previous work to solve the proof, Perelman has insisted that Hamilton receive credit. Yau later found and closed gaps in Perelman’s proof, persuading some mathematicians that he deserves credit as well. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Researchers studying magnetosensation have determined why some soil-dwelling roundworms in the Southern Hemisphere move in the opposite direction of Earth’s magnetic field when searching for _______in the Northern Hemisphere, the magnetic field points down, into the ground, but in the Southern Hemisphere, it points up, toward the surface and away from worms’ food sources. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Most conifers (trees belonging to the^- phylum Coniferophyta) are evergreen. That is, they keep their green leaves or needles year-round. However, not all conifer species are evergreen. Larch trees, _______lose their needles every fall. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?