- - - - -_essential_to - -_daily -_life_in_the - ~ The general store was rural United States during the 1800s because it provided the supplies that the people living in nearby communities needed. Also, the store was a _______ of information. People socializing at the general store would share news and help spread it throughout their communities. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
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Text 1 Astronomer Mark Holland and colleagues examined four white dwarfs—small, dense remnants of past stars—in order to determine the composition of exoplanets that used to orbit those stars. Studying wavelengths of light in the white dwarf atmospheres, the team reported that traces of elements such as lithium and sodium support the presence of exoplanets with continental crusts similar to Earth’s. Text 2 Past studies of white dwarf atmospheres have concluded that certain exoplanets had continental crusts. Geologist Keith Putirka and astronomer Siyi Xu argue that those studies unduly emphasize atmospheric traces of lithium and other individual elements as signifiers of the types of rock found on Earth. The studies don’t adequately account for different minerals made up of various ratios of those elements, and the possibility of rock types not found on Earth that contain those minerals. Based on the texts, how would Putirka and Xu (Text 2) most likely characterize the conclusion presented in Text 1?
The following text is from David Barclay Moore’s 2022 novel Holler of the Fireflies. The narrator has just arrived at summer camp, which is far away from his home. This place was different than I thought it would be. I’d never been somewhere like this before. I did feel scared, but also excited. ©2022 by David Barclay Moore According to the text, how does the narrator feel about being at summer camp?
The following text is adapted from Oscar Wilde’s 1891 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. Dorian Gray is taking his first look at a portrait that Hallward has painted of him. Dorian passed listlessly in front of his picture and turned towards it. When he saw it he drew back, and his cheeks flushed for a moment with pleasure. A look of joy came into his eyes, as if he had recognized himself for the first time. He stood there motionless and in wonder, dimly conscious that Hallward was speaking to him, but not catching the meaning of his words. The sense of his own beauty came on him like a revelation. He had never felt it before. According to the text, what is true about Dorian?
Choctaw/Cherokee artist Jeffrey Gibson turns punching bags used by boxers into art by decorating them with beadwork and elements of Native dressmaking. These elements include leather fringe and jingles, the metal cones that cover the dresses worn in the jingle dance, a women’s dance of the Ojibwe people. Thus, Gibson combines an object commonly associated with masculinity (a punching bag) with art forms traditionally practiced by women in most Native communities (beadwork and dressmaking). In this way, he rejects the division of male and female gender roles. Which choice best describes Gibson’s approach to art, as presented in the text?
O Pioneers!is a 1913 novel by Willa Cather. In the novel, Cather portrays Alexandra Bergson as having a deep emotional connection to her natural surroundings: _______ Which quotation from O Pioneers!most effectively illustrates the claim?
The novelist Toni Morrison was the first Black woman to work as an editor at the publishing company Random House, from 1967 to 1983. A scholar asserts that one of Morrison’s likely aims during her time as an editor was to strengthen the presence of Black writers on the list of Random House’s published authors. Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the scholar’s claim?
Archaeologist Petra Vaiglova, anthropologist Xinyi Liu, and their colleagues investigated the domestication of farm animals in China during the Bronze Age (approximately 2000 to 1000 BCE). By analyzing the chemical composition of the bones of sheep, goats, and cattle from this era, the team determined that wild plants made up the bulk of sheep’s and goats’ diets, while the cattle’s diet consisted largely of millet, a crop cultivated by humans. The team concluded that cattle were likely raised closer to human settlements, whereas sheep and goats were allowed to roam farther away. Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the team’s conclusion?
Euphorbia esula(leafy spurge) is a Eurasian plant that has become invasive in North America, where it displaces native vegetation and sickens cattle. E. esula can be controlled with chemical herbicides, but that approach can also kill harmless plants nearby. Recent research on introducing engineered DNA into plant species to inhibit their reproduction may offer a path toward exclusively targeting E. esula, consequently _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?
A team of biologists led by Jae-Hoon Jung, Antonio D. Barbosa, and Stephanie Hutin investigated the mechanism that allows Arabidopsis thaliana(thale cress) plants to accelerate flowering at high temperatures. They replaced the protein ELF3 in the plants with a similar protein found in another species (stiff brome) that, unlike A. thaliana, displays no acceleration in flowering with increased temperature. A comparison of unmodified A. thalianaplants with the altered plants showed no difference in flowering at 22° Celsius, but at 27° Celsius, the unmodified plants exhibited accelerated flowering while the altered ones did not, which suggests that _______ Which choice most logically completes the text?
- - - - - -_being________was_an - - - ~ For painter Jacob Lawrence, important part of the artistic process. Because he paid close attention to all the details of his Harlem neighborhood, Lawrence’s artwork captured nuances in the beauty and vitality of the Black experience during the Harlem Renaissance and the Great Migration. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
The Alvarez theory, developed in 1980 by physicist Luis Walter Alvarez and his geologist son Walter Alvarez, maintained that the secondary effects of an asteroid impact caused many dinosaurs and other animals to die _______it left unexplored the question of whether unrelated volcanic activity might have also contributed to the mass extinctions. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Typically, underlines, scribbles, and notes left in the margins by a former owner lower a book’s _______when the former owner is a famous poet like Walt Whitman, such markings, known as marginalia, can be a gold mine to literary scholars. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
In winter, the diets of Japanese macaques, also known as snow monkeys, are influenced more by food availability than by food preference. Although the monkeys prefer to eat vegetation and land-dwelling invertebrates, those food sources may become unavailable because of extensive snow and ice cover, _______the monkeys to hunt for marine animals in any streams that have not frozen over. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
While many video game creators strive to make their graphics ever more ______ others look to the past, developing titles with visuals inspired by the “8-bit” games of the 1980s and 1990s. (The term “8-bit” refers to a console whose processor could only handle eight bits of data at once.) Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Food and the sensation of taste are central to Monique Truong’s novels. In The Book of Salt, for example, the exiled character of Bình connects to his native Saigon through the food he prepares, while in Bitter in the Mouth, the character of Linda ______ a form of synesthesia whereby the words she hears evoke tastes. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Along with carbon dioxide concentration and temperature, light intensity affects the chemical reaction rate of _______as light intensity increases, so does the rate at which the reactants (water and carbon dioxide) are converted into their products (glucose and oxygen). Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
In Marisol’s 1968 sculpture Mi Mama y Yo, gone are the types of pop culture references that made the Parisian-born Venezuelan American artist a star at the height of the pop art movement. In _______ place is a far more personal subject: a sculptural depiction of the artist as a young girl with her mother. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
The ghazal, a poetic form originating in seventh‑century Arabic poetry, has an intricate structure. The twentieth‑century Kashmiri American poet Agha Shahid Ali explains that each one of a ghazal’s couplets, while adhering to the patterns of rhyme (qafia) and refrain (radif) established in the poem’s opening lines (matla), _______thematically and logically autonomous, resulting in a poem with “a stringently formal disunity.” Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Organisms have evolved a number of^- surprising adaptations to ensure their survival in adverse conditions. Tadpole shrimp (Triops longicaudatus) embryos, ______ can pause development for over ten years during extended periods of drought. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
When Chinese director Chloé Zhao accepted the Oscar in 2021 for her film Nomadland, she made Academy Award history. _______only one other woman, Kathryn Bigelow of the United States, had been named best director at the Oscars, making Zhao the second woman and the first Asian woman to win the award. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
Former astronaut Ellen Ochoa says that although she doesn’t have a definite idea of when it might happen, she _______that humans will someday need to be able to live in other environments than those found on Earth. This conjecture informs her interest in future research missions to the moon. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
If the formation of Earth’s mantle had been purely a product of core differentiation—whereby heavier elements sink toward the core and lighter elements rise—the upper mantle would be depleted of heavy siderophile elements. Siderophiles are much more abundant in the mantle than predicted in that model, however. _______extraterrestrial material containing siderophiles, likely from asteroid or comet impacts, almost certainly accreted to Earth following core differentiation. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • In 2013, archaeologists studied cat bone fragments they had found in the ruins of Quanhucun, a Chinese farming village. • The fragments were estimated to be 5,300 years old. • A chemical analysis of the fragments revealed that the cats had consumed large amounts of grain. • The grain consumption is evidence that the Quanhucun cats may have been domesticated. The student wants to present the Quanhucun study and its conclusions. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: • Gaspar Enriquez is an artist. • He specializes in portraits of Mexican Americans. • A portrait is an artistic representation of a person. • Enriquez completed a painting of the sculptor Luis Jimenez in 2003. • He completed a drawing of the writer Rudolfo Anaya in 2016. The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two portraits. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?